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Former First Lady, Michelle Obama, Defined Success As “The

Former First Lady, Michelle Obama, defined success as â€Å"the difference you make in people’s lives†. Many recollect John F. Kennedy as a successful individual during the 1950’s because of the advances he made to the growing nation. Through his years in office, Kennedy grew the economy with several policies which contributed to stronger ties with foreign countries. Not only did he stand up for the rights of African - Americans through a time of segregation, but he also helped guide the way for minority groups and followed his expression, â€Å"Get America Moving Again.† President John F. Kennedy was effective at growing the economy and empowering underrepresented groups which resulted in a more peaceful nation. Through the early years of his†¦show more content†¦As the days of his childhood was soon coming to an end, people acclaimed him as a renowned individual with his efforts and purpose in moving forward. Moreover, the arduous journey that John F. Kennedy experienced shaped him to become an inspiration to millions of Americans in search of aspiration and freedom. Because John F. Kennedy fostered several policies in office, the nation’s economy rose to a great extent. He had fostered alliance with Latin American countries which provided efforts in creating stronger ties with the nation. At the time, the relationship with foreign countries was not secure and the history between the countries brought natural differences in coming together. During an address for the Alliance for Progress with Latin American Diplomats and members of Congress, he proclaimed a common strife among the countries. Kennedy expressed, â€Å"Our nations are the product of a common struggle -the revolt from colonial rule. And our people share a common heritage - the quest for the dignity and the freedom of man. . .† (Halsall, â€Å"Modern History Sourcebook: President John F. Kennedy: On the Alliance for Progress, 1961† ). He a cknowledged that although people have different views, we share a similarity that depicts the freedom of mankind; soon he constructed a ten year plan to attenuate poverty and derail the spread of communism. Through the entirety of his speech, peopleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book London Of 1810 Essay2380 Words   |  10 Pagesanatomy, biology, and zoology. He believed that Baartman was potentially the missing link between animals and humans. Culvier questions consisted specifically of the following, â€Å"was Sarah of the last race of the human species, or the negro race and the first of the apes† (135). Culvier and his group of scientist believed that the answer would be found by observing Baartman’s genitals. For the research, Baartman had to stand in front of a group of male scientist in order to be examined, drawn, and observedRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesprovided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. Cooperation b. Education c. Crime d. Liberty or Security e. Consumerism 1. Media 1a. New vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confinedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 280 glOBalization! Forming International Teams in a Virtual World 291 Myth or Science? â€Å"Asians Have Less Ingroup Bias Than Americans† 292 An Ethical Choice Should You Use Group Peer Pressure? 294 Point/Counterpoint Affinity Groups Fuel Business Success 298 Questions for Review 297 Experiential Exercise Wilderness Survival 299 Ethical Dilemma Is Social Loafing Shirking? 300 Case Incident 1 Negative Aspects of Collaboration? 300 Case Incident 2 Herd Behavior and the Housing Bubble (and Collapse)

Amnesty International Exists For Human Rights - 908 Words

Amnesty International exists to combat human rights abuses They gather information and use it to expose the dark corners of regimes where people are tortured,killed, falsely imprisoned, etc. In short, rather than accept some fatalistic view that that s jsut the way things are (curse the darkness) they use facts and publicity (light a candle) to bring such crimes into the light. Focus area: The objective of the organisation is â€Å"to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated Vision is of a world in which every person – regardless of race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity – enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other internationally recognized human rights standards. The UDHR states that the the recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all people is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Beneficiaries: Amnesty reports disproportionately on relatively more democratic and open countries, arguing that its intention is not to produce a range of reports which statistically represents the world’s human rights abuses, but rather to apply the pressure of public opinion to encourage improvements. Countries: Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in over 150 countries andShow MoreRelatedAmnesty International : For Survivors Of Wartime Rape1728 Words   |  7 PagesAmnesty International: WHEN EVERYONE IS SILENT: REPARATION FOR SURVIVORS OF WARTIME RAPE IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Amnesty International Publications (2012). Amnesty International’s purpose is â€Å"to analyze the failure of the authorities to respect the right to reparation of survivors of wartime rape.† (AI) This purpose is legitimate as out of the tens of thousands of women who were victims of wartime rape, â€Å"fewer than 40 cases have been prosecuted.† (AI) The governments ofRead MoreThe United Nations Security Council1740 Words   |  7 PagesGaddafi regime’s 42-year rule. The International Criminal Court first became involved in Libya on 26 February 2011. On that date, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) passed Resolution 1970, which referred the case of Libya to the International Criminal Court. According to the language of the resolution, the UNSC (2011) â€Å"decides to refer the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya since 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court† (para. 24). AdditionallyRead MoreBuying and Selling Weapons to Contries in Conflict1584 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to the topic: -Arms Trade Treaty (ATT): On April 2nd, 2013 the General Assembly voted in favor of the Arms Trade Treaty, regulating the international trade of arms, from small firearms and conventional arms to tanks, military aircrafts and warships. It has the intention of destabilizing arms flow to countries in conflicts, to prevent human rights abusers and violators of the law from being supplied weapons and to avoid warlords, pirates and terrorists from acquiring this deadly tools. UntilRead MoreHuman Rights Violations in China - Should Western Companies Continue to Do Business with China?1636 Words   |  7 PagesHigh Commissioner for Human Rights (2010) claims that everyone is equally entitled to human rights without discrimination. In the western society, the principles of freedom, democracy and human rights are fundamental rights. However, the People’s Republic of China, commonly known as China, is still known as the largest human rights violator in the world. This raises the questi on whether or not western companies should continue doing business in China despite of the human rights violations. To findRead MoreHuman Rights And Domestic Abuse Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesAbuse Human rights are rights owned by every single person. Correspondingly, each person has their own rights. Various actions in this world can violate each person s human rights, such as domestic abuse. Some people tend to ignore abuse issues among others, but countless try to put an end to all abuse. Domestic abuse is present throughout the world in relationships and families; consequently, witnesses should report it. In Argentina, the Amnesty International created a domestic abuse ad. BrotherRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagesall penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while only 58 nations still actively adoptRead MoreNgos And Freedom Of Expression1719 Words   |  7 Pagesdefending the human right to freedom of expression worldwide. The right to freedom of expression is entrenched in international law through the following: Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers† (UN 1948). Article 19 of the International Covenant forRead More Forgiveness Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesmean the set of moral beliefs that informs our understanding of forgiveness and the criteria by which we evaluate its Karl the Nazi Soldier, who initiates our inquiry into forgiveness, represents multiple identities. He is at once a rational human being, a member and supporter of the Nazi military, a murderer, and actor and representative of the State. Because of the simultaneously occurrence and fluidity of these identities conflation is an easy mistake in constructing exactly who we are forgivingRead MoreFreedom is More Valued than Security1441 Words   |  6 Pagesby disallowing any form of freedom that can potentially allow anyone to overthrow his dynasty. One notable example is the current North Korea, as they continue to show the world how totalitarian is not a fantasy story. According to â€Å"North Korea Human Rights†(pg.1), North Koreans are sent to prison camps when they commit a crime, where they are subjugated to tortures and inhumane punishments in forms of beatings, forced exercise, sitting without moving for prolonged periods of time and humiliationRead More The Political Com munity in Guatemala Essay761 Words   |  4 Pages The Political Community The â€Å"social apartheid† that exist in Guatemala separates Guatemala into two places and does not allow the country to be united, both democratically socially. The indigenous population is separated from opportunities. Without the minimal conditions, necessary for citizens to exercise their rights in practice there is not citizenship and therefore no â€Å"true† democracy. New democratic institutions must both address the anxiety existing among Ladinos and prove to be responsive

The American Revolution And The Civil War - 1567 Words

In the eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlating evidence, there are certain decisions and events that would highlight the causes and their correlation to the Civil War. This essay will put into perspective the happenings that ultimately caused the Civil War, how it compared to the†¦show more content†¦At the heart of the conflict was the issue of slavery, which posed similar questions to those of the Revolution. After the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War, Britain was burdened with a severe war debt. To solve this problem, Britain enacted new tax laws such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act in 1764 and 1765 respectfully. These acts angered the colonists as it seemed like â€Å"an intrusion into the long-held colonial practice of self taxation by elected colonial assemblies. Passed by Parliament in 1765 and ordered in to effect by the King two weeks later, the Stamp Act was Britain’s first intentional attempt to enact governmental authority over the colonies. This act, along with Britain political infighting over which party was pushing America to rebel, would spark the beginning of the colonists’ rebellion and set into motion a slew of events that would lead to the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre, the Gaspee Affair, and the Boston Tea Party. By the time Britain tried to make amends with the colonies, it was already too late. The colonists were planning a rebellion in order to grab the reigns to their land from the tyranny of the British Empire and to create a true land of freedom. The American Revolution itself was a battle of freedom and liberty for the colonists. It was their struggle to take control of their colonies from Britain as well as obtain the freedom they sought

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 2409 Words

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered one of the great American novels. Throughout the years, it has received critical attention from all sides. Revered by some and banned by others, there is no mistake that Mark Twain’s novel will always have a place in American history. In fact, another great American novelist—Ernest Hemingway—said this of Huck Finn: â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ It’s the best book we’ve had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since† (Ulin, â€Å"Celebrating the genius of ‘Huckleberry Finn’†). There has been much debate whether a statement like this could be true, but one fact remains. Huck Finn is a socially significant story. Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn during a time when society was full of racism and hypocrisy. Even after the abo lition of slavery in 1865, America—the South, especially—was still trying to make sense of the changes that were happening in society. The Reconstruction of the South showed society that these changes weren’t easy, but it more importantly revealed a system of belief with two parts. These systems, both contradictory and separate, divided society into two different groups: the so-called â€Å"savages† and the so-called â€Å"civilized† (Van den Berghe 26). The themes in Adventures of Huck Finn reveal that Twain was vehemently opposed to this steeply hypocritical belief system. ThroughoutShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Economics Four Market Structures With Negative Externalities

Questions: A. Identify the key characteristic of four market structures (ie. monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition or monopolistic competition). Give a case study example of each market structure.?B. Explain what negative externalities are, and why there may be a case for government intervention to address them. Describe some of the ways to correct the negative externalities and the pros and cons of each method. Provide real life examples?C. Choose a case study from your home country where an externality exists in a current market. Illustrate the situation with externalities in your case study and the resulting deadweight loss in a diagram and discuss ways that your government has addressed the presence of negative externalities in the market? Answers: Introduction Economic activity helps in analyse the production and consumption of goods and services within and outside the economy. There has been ample evidence given by the economist all throughout the years economic is mixture of social and science (De Nicoloi et al. 2012). The study of economic will help to analyse the current market structure of the economy and the reason for the high and low consumption of goods and services. Apart from that study will also focuses on the negative externality which is another major factor that influences the market interventions. Besides that the study will also give an insight of the externality exist in the current market and diagram of dead weight loss will address the government way of handling the issues (Arnold, 2001). A. Characteristic of the four market structure 1.1Monopoly Market In monopoly form of market, there is large number of buyers are single seller. Monopoly market in the current contemporary business is less because most of these firms are acquired by the government organisations in order to distribute in equally among the firms (Arnold, 2001). Some of the major characteristics of monopoly market are given below: single seller and large number of buyers also knows as the price maker unique products and services , no substitutes high barrier for entry Chances of price discrimination is higher Profit maximization British Telecom British telecom is a perfect example of maintaining the monopoly power within the UK market. British telecom is own and control by the government. It has business over the 170 countries as BT global services (Civic and Miklaucic, 2011). British telecom is first telecommunication communication which was established 1878 by graham bell. The company is number one broadband selling company of UK. There is no close competitor neither a close substitutes. Company has earnings of more than 2.91 billion in 2013. It is known for profit maximizations government owned company. Figure 1: Monopoly market, profit maximizations The diagram depicts the profit maximization of the firm in long run. The demand curve is equal to the average revenue curve which shows that, company total earning is higher than its investment which is approx 3 billion (Greenleaf, 2011). BT is selling low cost tariff broadband services and mobile phone network services which is only sold by the BT has made the company to reach at top position of in the telecommunication sector. 1.2Perfect competition Market At the perfect competition market, there are large number seller identical goods to the buyers. The term perfect competition does not exist in the modern economy but the selling of identical product is common in the current contemporary market (Helpman, 1990). Some of the major characteristics of the perfect competition market are s given below: Large number of seller and large number of buyers Identical or same products sold Free entry and exit No chance of price discriminations Normal profit in long run Grocery items sold by the different retail stores like Coles and Woolworths Grocery products are sold by the large number vendors in the market to the large buyers. Almost all of the products are same and identical in the market. Price and quality of the products are same along with no chances of price discriminations (Krugman and Wells, 2006). At perfect completion is there is no single seller and price is governed by the market demand of the products. Figure 2: Normal profit curve for the Perfect competition market From the above figure, it has been found that, grocery market in long term earn only normal profit because of the product are same and identical. Apart from the number of firms like Aldi and Spar are opening their market in the Australia has reduce the business of local retail chain like Woolworth and Coles (Nagler, 2013). With the rise in the competition, lots of small firms and loyal groceries stores are closing their business as there is no exit barriers and this shifting the industry supply to the left which convert those existing firm which is deriving the normal profits. 1.3Monopolistic competition In this type of market, small numbers of firms are selling different products to the large buyers. The products and services which are sold in this market are differentiated and is non price competitions. In monopolistic competition is very much imperfect competition because of quality of the products and services or the high brand value (Tillema et al. 2012). Characteristics of the monopolistic market: Free entry and exit Product and services are sold are different in terms of quality and price or high brand value Large number of buyers and small seller In long run, firms earn normal profit A case of hotel business Hotels in Australia like Hilton and royal garden are some of the major examples of monopolistic competitions. This hotel serves various types of services to the customer and has different ranges of price along with quality (Laengle and Loyola, 2010). The quality of the five start hotel and their services are being one of the major differentiated way of selling their rooms and food. Figure 3: Long run, normal profit for hotels in Australia From the above diagram, hotel business in worldwide are very much same but the selling of the services styles are different form one another which is why the firm earn normal profit in long run because of the competition (Ciegis and Pusinaite, 2010). At price P1 hotels are able to earn LRAC demand curve which is because of the demand of curve has shifted as other new hotels are opened which turns the supernormal profit into normal profits. 1.4 Oligopoly Oligopoly market is based on the large number of buyers and only few sellers. Such as tooth paste companies sand the wafers companies. Oligopoly market is very much innovating their form of products and services in order to beat the competitors. Some of the major characteristics of the firm are as given below: Large number of buyers and only few sellers Firms are very much interdependent Entry barriers because of the existing has capture large market share Huge amount of investment is required In the long run the company has kinked demand curve Colgate Palmolive Colgate Palmolive is Australia is number 1 tooth Paste Company. Company is American multinational but has branches all over the world. Colgate Palmolive sells the large number of tooth paste to the large sellers and there are only few competitors like Oral B and Pepsodents etc (Amelio and Biancini, 2010). With the innovations for marketing the products company is the apex position in the market. Figure 4: kinked demand curve for the Colgate Palmolive This demand curve shows the relationship between the price and quantity demanded. For instance, if the Colgate has reduced its price with 85c within its products then sale of the products will be high in compare to Oral B. However, in order to compete in the market Oral B also has to change its price by 85 c to sustain (www.aic.gov.au, 2015). This shows the interdependency of the firm within the market. Apart from that, advertisement and products innovation in this type of firm is very much seen because of the fierce competition by the few sellers. B. Negative Externalities Negative externalities are cost that is borne by the third party whne the transaction is between the buyer and seller is completed. Producers and consumer are first and second parties but third party will be property owner or the resources which is getting suffered due to the producing of products. Externalities is type of external cost which suffered by the third party as part of transactions. Some of the major externalities are waste, carbon emissions and the pollutant air which creating the problem for the surrounding and the environment (Haigh and Griffiths, 2008). There have been numerous occasions where these transactions have derailed the human life by creating huge pollutions. Figure 5: Negative Externalities diagram (Source: Negative externalities show the price paid by the third part that is paying because of the consumption and production of the foods. There are several examples of the production of and consumption such as production of music system turns the music loud which may creates problems for the neighbor, production of chemical fertilizers helpful to the farmers but decreasing the productivity of the land and production of car results into pollutions within the environment (Amelio and Biancini, 2010). For instance, a case of Haifa group is known as one of the major company deals in the fertilizer which emits pollutions into the atmosphere while producing it. Marginal private cost = marginal benefit which is situated at output Q and price P. equilibrium is at point A. however, while assessing the external cost , the efficient output is Q1 at point B and At point Q marginal cost is at C which will be greater than the marginal social benefits which results into net loss. If the MSB at pint A for Haifa production = 1 million MSC at C is =2 million The net welfare loss would be = 1 million (pollutions) 2.1 Government interventions Government has related various laws and environmental acts to prevent the negative externalities. Apart from that, government of Australia has brought competition act 2010. Government has conducted various norms such as clean energy act 2011 which has been reform by the government in order to posses strict norms for the companies to produce recyclable products (Kim and Day, 2010). Apart from that, government also has reformed the water act 2007 which depicts that, company throwing sewerage in the river must have to huge amount of water tax and Sewerage tax which creates price of the product more and people purchase less. New South Wales environmental offences and penalties act 1989 prevents the manufactures to commit disposal without the lawful authority with maximum penalties worth of $225000 in case of breaching air and water pollutions and long with 7 years of imprisonment for natural person for doing contaminating the society (Environment.gov.au, 2015). These are some of the inte rvention does the Australian law prevent the manufacturer and the consumers to control the negative externalities. 2.2 Method of controlling the negative externalities Penalty and imprisonment: Government of Australia is very much active to reduce the pollutions and wastage garbage form the domestics for which several norms has been made one of the them is Environmental and penalties act 1989, an office of disposal of unlawful garbage negligently that harms other will have to pay more than 125000 penalty with 7 years of jail terms (Zehner, 1991). Apart from that, other major act is environmental protection act 1978 and noise Abatement act respectively suggest that culprit has to pay more than $100000 and $5000 and 5 years to 6month of imprisonment. Carbon emission act: Clean energy act 2011 has been reformed that abolishes carbon mechanism act. It provides the various types of programmes to manage the electricity and use of solar power pane (Ramjeawon, 2000). Apart from that clean energy act, there is carbon pollution reduction scheme which was marketed based on the greenhouse gas pollutions which was implemented in 2010. C. Externalities present in sugarcane production of Australia 3.1Envionrmnetal Externalities in New South Wales Australia Externality present in the sugar cane production is very much known to the Government of Australia. The environmental externalities associated with sugar cane productions is land use which includes different sources of chemical pollutions arousing such as pesticides, fertilizers and mill sewage (Revankar and Shyama, 2009). One of the major reasons for land is become unproductive is excessive use of pesticides in land and the expansion of production area of sugarcane. The land is getting affected by the farming on acid sulfate solid which is also polluting the wetlands and riparian areas. Whenever the market operates freely and widely prices of goods and services generally indicate their value to the society and the reuses allocations will be based on the demand and supply of the cane. Sugar cane farming requires extensive use of land and the water along with large amount of pesticides which tend to creates detritions of land quality for longer period of time known as the monoculture (Sooresh et al. 2014). Fertilizer such as the nitrogen and the phosphorous which are used to produce the sugarcane also pollute water and soil which gain increase the airborne disease within the society which tends to cancer and death of many individuals. The presence of negative externality shows the poor and weak efficiency of the government of Australia (Stepanova and Tesoriere, 2010). These chemical fertilisers have enough power to destroy the great barrier reef of world heritage area and also can create increase in the social cost of living. The famers of cane are polluting the land, water and air to maintain a productive cane crop which is also known as the waste sink. This negative externality in environment also had been because of the failure of the government interventions and the cane grower (Untaru, 2002). The system of the industry is very much developed in early 20s that has and the free use of waterway, leading to the production of sugarcane and allows the chemicals to be suffered as the social cost. Figure 6: Deadweight loss from the cane productions The dead weight loss for the company is been excess of burden is a loss of economic efficiency which has been occur whenever the demand of the cane is been poor. For sugar cane industry in 2008, there was huge loss because of the economic turmoil in Australia which tends to decrease the sale of the sugarcane (Ville, 2013). Deadweight loss here could also explain the monopoly way of pricing the products. Due to recession in deadweight loss of total welfare or the social surplus is for the reason of environmental externalities (Environment.gov.au, 2015). It is a loss of environment due to loss of trade participants which is based on the consumers, producers or the government. As matter of fact Australian sugar industry has been committed by both been both direct and indirect form of negative externalities. Opportunity cost of the foregone here would be value of land and the benefit is producing high yield sugar which is booking the economy. The demand of the sugar has been rise since 1991 because of the rise in populations and the raise in the various coffee shops and restaurants along with cake shops (ageconsearch.umn.edu, 2015). The cane grower also knows the side effects of use of the chemicals and which is decreasing the fertility of land and creating the water borne disease due to increase in the chemical fertilisers. Although the production of sugarcane has been all time high because of use of strong chemical fertilisers but industry has overlooked the welfare profit which gain results into poor outcome or loss (www.aic.gov.au, 2015). Government address the presence of externalities in the Sugarcane industry Nutrient management: the impact of the sugarcane production has depleted the nutrient of water body within the cane productions areas has become very much important to issues in recent times. This issue has been raised particularly because of the water quality of the GBRWHA drainage system is producing very much water borne disease to the people like stomach pain, viral fever and ulcers etc (Sooresh et al. 2014). government of Australia has used water act 2007 which prevents the cane growers to use to non-fertiliser of the production of sugar. Apart from that, water efficiency labeling act scheme has made the sugarcane industry to stop the use of hazardous chemical in the sugarcane. The breach of act will have to pay more than $ 25000 and 2 years of imprisonment (Stepanova and Tesoriere, 2010). Environmental policy: Hazardous waste act 1989 has created various schemes comprise of various porgrammes like Organic revolution programme which has been flowed all over the Australia to reduce the work of pesticides on eating materials (Untaru, 2002). Along with hazardous waste act 1989 act revised bill has been created revolution against those farmers who are extensively using the pesticides and harmful chemicals to destroy the land by penalty worth of 210,000 and 2 years of imprisonment. Some of the government initiatives during the year by the NSW state pollution control commission protection authority are as given below: Years Number 1984 15 1985 22 1986 68 1987 36 1988 78 1999 73 1991 69 1992 54 Air pollution act: Air pollution act 1984 and water pollutions act 1984 were amended in 1991 which increases their penalties. Air pollution act 1984 has given the maximum fine for the emission of the nitrogen in air for which fine is $50000 for the sugar cane corporations. Since, 1989, reviews of pollutions for the legislations is been taken seriously in NSW in order to establish an environmental protection authority (www.assct.com.au, 2015). Apart from that, these all legislations have been able to decrease the pollution of chemical in sugarcane growing consistently. With rise in effective technology most and demand of customer of organic food is creating to reduce the effect of chemical fertilizer within the sugarcane (www.aic.gov.au, 2015). Conclusion From the above, it has been found that, monopoly market is not been seen in the current contemporary market because of the government organizations has been taken most of these forms. Perfect competition market can be seen in the grocery market and in this market free entry and free exit. Apart from that, monopolistic competition is been seen in the modern economy via differentiating the goods and services by using quality, branding and advertisement. The negative externalities are occurred by the producers and consumers which has been borne by the third party. To achieve sustainable development in sugar industry at NSW more of environmental norms has been use to maintain strategic planning activities. The sugar can grower are using harmful chemical to produce higher amount of sugar which is gain reducing the productivity power of soil and increases the water borne diseases. Reference list Books De Nicoloi, G., De Nicoloi, G., Favara, G. and Ratnovski, L. (2012). Externalities and Macro-Prudential Policy. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. Arnold, R. (2001). Economics. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub. Civic, M. and Miklaucic, M. (2011). Monopoly of force. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press. Greenleaf, W. (2011). Monopoly on wheels. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press. Helpman, E. (1990). Monopolistic competition in trade theory. Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2006). Economics. New York: Worth Publishers. Journals Nagler, M. (2013). The Strategic Significance of Negative Externalities. Manage. Decis. Econ., 35(4), pp.247-257. Tillema, T., Hamersma, M., Sussman, J. and Arts, J. (2012). Extending the Scope of Highway Planning: Accessibility, Negative Externalities and the Residential Context. Transport Reviews, 32(6), pp.745-759. Laengle, S. and Loyola, G. (2010). Bargaining and negative externalities. Optim Lett, 6(3), pp.421-430. Ciegis, R. and Pusinaite, R. (2010). Negative externalities and sustainability of energy sector. Baltic Region, (1), pp.91-100. Amelio, A. and Biancini, S. (2010). alternating monopoly and tacit collusion*. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 58(2), pp.402-423. Haigh, N. and Griffiths, A. (2008). E-government and environmental sustainability: results from three Australian cases. EG, 5(1), p.45. Kim, M. and Day, D. (2010). Composition of sugar cane, energy cane, and sweet sorghum suitable for ethanol production at Louisiana sugar mills. Journal of Industrial Microbiology Biotechnology, 38(7), pp.803-807. Ramjeawon, T. (2000). Cleaner production in Mauritian cane-sugar factories. Journal of Cleaner Production, 8(6), pp.503-510. Revankar, P. and Shyama, S. (2009). Genotoxic effects of monocrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, on an estuarine bivalve, Meretrix ovum. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(7), pp.1618-1623. Sooresh, A., Sayes, C. and Pine, M. (2014). Effects of a novel pesticide-particle conjugate on viability and reactive oxygen species generation in neuronal (PC12) cells. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, pp.1-7. Stepanova, A. and Tesoriere, A. (2010). RD with spillovers: monopoly versus noncooperative and cooperative duopoly. The Manchester School, 79(1), pp.125-144. Untaru, S. (2002). Place based planning for NSW local government. Australian Planner, 39(2), pp.83-89. Ville, S. (2013). Peter D. Griggs, Global industry, Local Innovation: the History of Cane Sugar Production in Australia, 1820-1995. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 2011. xxxvi + 928 pp. ISBN: 978 3 0343 0431 3. Hardback US$124.95. Australian Economic History Review, 53(3), pp.320-321. Zehner, r. (1991). Environmental priorities and the greenhouse. Australian Planner, 29(1), pp.33-38. Websites Environment.gov.au, (2015). Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.environment.gov.au/topics/environment-protection/hazardous-waste/about-hazardous-waste-act [Accessed 8 Jan. 2015]. ageconsearch.umn.edu, (2015). Economics, ecology and the environment. [online] Available at: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/48970/2/WP89.pdf [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. www.aic.gov.au, (2015). Australian pollution laws offences, penalties and regulatory agencies. 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Capacity Planning free essay sample

Capacity Planning Based on time horizon or duration it is viewed in three (i) Long-range Capacity Planning Time horizon is of more than one or two years. It is carried for productive resources which a long time. Long-range capacity planning requires participation and approval of top management personnel. (ii) Intermediate-range Capacity Planning It has a time horizon for 6 to 18 months. It may be varied by such alternative such as hiring off or laying off labour, purchasing or making new tools and minor equipments and outsourcing/sub contracting If time is fixed by customer’s required delivery date or processing cycle, it is possible to accept time as the primary constraint and plan backward to accommodate these times. Planning backwards to infinite capacity offers a potential solution to the problem. On the other hand, if the processing time is not a constraint in cases where products are produced to stock and sell, it is simpler to use a forward plan based on finite capacity i. We will write a custom essay sample on Capacity Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. , based on available resources.