How Important Are PLESTE Factors In Terms Of International Marketing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 774 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Political Essay Did you like this example? 1. How important are PLESTE factors in terms of international marketing The PLESTE (Political, Legal, Economic, Social/Cultural, Technological and Environmental) factors determine the success or failure of any company when moving into international market either through Joint venture, acquisition, partnership or any other. It also determines how well the company can easily localise its products and services and gain market or cost leadership position. Political factors refer to government policy and the stability of the political system in the host country. Investor will obviously be scared of investing in a country such as Somalia because of the prevalence of war. Economic environment has a major impact on the strategic decisions to be taken to operate in any country as the profitability of the business depends highly on the interest rates, taxation rates, inflation and the exchange rates. Before the investment is done, it is crucial to observe these economical factors. F or instance the lower interest rates encourage an investment which helps the company to increase the D/E rate by borrowing from the host company for low prices. On the other hand a strong currency which goes hand in hand with the low interest rates may have negative effects on exporting because of the high prices in terms of foreign currency. Legal environment in which companies operate affects behaviour of the firm. The legislation like competition, health and safety and employment law influence the new systems and procedures to be developed for operating in the host market. Social/Cultural factor play a deciding role in the companies’ product ranges sold in a particular country. The social environment including the cultural norms, the demography and population which helps to determine its product ranges. Product differentiation and localization becomes crucial if the host country and the companies’ original country are culturally far away from each other. Cultu ral distance includes religious beliefs, race, social norms, and language all of the differences which the company has to analyse in depth to foresee the market demand for the company products. Technological advances have shaped the way the consumers select and buy products, the way they make their payments and their expectations presales and post sales. Technology has not only created new products but also streamlined the traditional processes which changed the way business is done. Companies profited from the cost reductions, quality improvements and product innovation. For instance developing country like Nigeria now has instance access to the latest version of Windows operating systems and product such as iphone 4 is also marketer round the world because the internet is now a marketing tools through which customers can view available range of products offering. Environmental Factors like weather and climate change and the changes in the consumers’ attitudes towards these factors can have impact on many industries. Firms have to consider the increasing environmental awareness in the societies. Especially the consumer groups which are called â€Å"LOHAS† which comprises the Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability desire to protect the environment. 2. Assess the impact of international marketing activities on the societies of emerging and less developed countries, not just today but also tomorrow. International marketing is important because the world has become globalised it is becoming increasingly impossible for any country to practice economic isolation. Nigeria in particular, because of the relatively developing economy reform, is reliant upon trade with international companies. This has contributed positively to the economy development of Nigeria. Moreover, Nigerias multi-cultural society also reinforces an appreciation of the opportunities and the subtle complexities of doing business in overseas markets. The opportunities and challenges encountered today by international marketers are greater and more diverse than ever before. New consumers are appearing in emerging markets in Africa and other Asian countries as well as some parts of Latin America. Some of these emerging markets have relatively little purchasing power today but hold the promise of being huge markets in the future. A good example is the availability of cheaper laptops specifically made for developing countries, this will help reposition the developing countries access to global market and also be profitable to the company. International marketing will bring about many opportunities and challenges as consumers tastes become more sophisticated and complex, and as increases in purchasing power provide them with the means of satisfying new demands. In conclusion as the societies of the emerging and the less developed countries have the opportunity to reach the products as the same time with the other developed countries, the markets becom es flattens for all of the players. This will give the emerging and the less developed countries finally the chance to show their real potential and take their deserved place in the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Important Are PLESTE Factors In Terms Of International Marketing" essay for you Create order

A Research Study On Literature Review - 1131 Words

One of the stages in writing a research paper is the literature review. Since there is very little that has not been studied in some form, good researchers find out all they can about their subjects before they commence their own study. Not only is it imperative to acquire what is already know about the subject, but a literature review enables the researcher to identify what is not known or well understood (Lanier Briggs, 2014). By conducting a literature review, one verifies what else needs to be done. A literature review is an important aspect of any research paper. Additionally, reviews indicate what already exists, what has been learned and what has not been learned. By conducting a review, researchers are able to consider what can be modified on past studies that will develop the research question better. A review can provide ideas for changing some of the conditions or variables of previous studies, which may result in different outcomes. Not only do researchers become more educated about a subject, but can essentially aid in designing their own studies. Good researchers understand there are three primary categories to utilize when conducting a literature review. The first category to review is general sources, which offer hints on the locations of references, a general overview, and introduction to a topic (Salkind, 2012). The second category is secondary sources which are â€Å"once removed† from actual research (Salkind, 2012). Secondary sources can includeShow MoreRelatedResearch Study On A Literature Review Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages4.2 Research Hypothesis Hypothesis Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum; their studies are usually under taken within the context of an existing knowledge base. It helps to lay the foundation for the study and also inspire new research idea. 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Music Sonata Form and Classical Period Essay Example For Students

Music: Sonata Form and Classical Period Essay A symphony is an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements. 2. What is a sonata? How is it related to the sonata form? A sonata is a large-scale composition that is played rather than sung. 3. What is a coda? A coda will use music from the movement, typically doesnt does not add anything to the argument. 4. What are the three different parts of the sonata form? Describe each part. The three parts off sonata are Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation. Exposition is the first part of the sonata, where the composer will bring in or exposeall of the music ideas. Development is the second part of the sonata, it is where the composer builds on the two themes from the exposition. Recapitulation is the third part of the sonata, it is where exposition is repeated. 5. What are the three different periods of Beethovens work? Describe each part. Critical Thinking Questions 1 . What are the characteristics of the music of the Classical period? 2. How does the music of the Classical period differ from the music of the Baroque period? Baroque music tends to be for small chamber orchestras and is usually very intricate, with many layers. Classical music tends to be for larger orchestras and for showing off virtuoso talents or entertainment rather than for praising God or presenting solemn tunes to kings, as much Baroque music was. Music: Sonata Form and Classical Period By Lawrenceville work. Which pieces did you listen to? How would you describe these pieces of music? What makes the music characteristic of the Classical era? 4. What social and cultural influences impacted the music of the Classical period? Do you think todays music is influenced by social and cultural factors? Why or why not? Both art and politics were great composers who knew what they were doing and their composing had amazing hits. 5. What was important about Vienna during the Classical period? Vienna was important during the Classical period because great civilization was developed in the past and actually in classical period.

The Values and Ethics in Business

Question: Imagine yourself in a situation where you are a manager in a government establishment. A bid has been submitted to your office for supply of new computers and your best friends company (Radax) is one of the bidders. Your friend has spoken to you about the bid and you have realized that Radax does not really have the best bid. Describe the ethical concerns that have arisen from this scenario. Do you think your choice would be most affected by your individual moral development or by the cultural values of the organisation for which you work? Explain. Answer: Introduction The values and ethics in business are the various types of guidelines and set of qualities that are likewise in charge of representing the activities or the practices of people who work for the business association, along these lines encouraging the method for accomplishing the objectives and goals of the association effortlessly and within a short period of time. This topic will include the significance of business ethics, the various ways by which ethics are managed within workplace along with the ethical dilemmas too. The methods or techniques by which the ethical issues could be resolved will also be included in this report and also the choice which has been made by the manager finally considering the bid that has been made by another company (Agle et al, 2008). Business ethics The ethics in business are referred to as the different kinds of applied ethics or ethical and professional practices that are applied in order to identify the ethical principles as well as ethical issues or problems which might have arisen within the business environment. The business ethics are applied to a number of aspects for the conducting of business and are also relevant to the conduct of the whole organization or how the individuals are managed within the organization. The ethics in business are the different kinds of standards and set of values that are also responsible for governing the actions or the behaviors of individuals who work for the business organization, thus facilitating the way of achieving the goals and objectives of the organization with ease and effectiveness (Christensen et al, 2007). The business ethics consist of both descriptive as well as normative dimensions, but as because there is involvement of corporate practices, so it has been mainly normative d imension in this case. The various kinds of ethical issues and the number of those issues are concerned with the interaction of maximizing the profit concerned with the non-economic conditions. Nowadays, most of the business organizations are focused on promoting the commitment to the values of non-economic conditions like the social responsibility charters and ethical codes (Crane Matten, 2007). According to the case study, a bid has been made by my friends company named Radax, where I need to provide new computers. But after speaking with my friend, I came to know that the company does not have the best bid till date. So, I decided to make a choice on my own based on the cultural values of my company and development of morale. The application of ethics helps in regulating the different kinds of areas and situations as well as the behaviorist details that are out of the control of Government. With the rise of multinational business organizations which have very limited relationshi p and sensitivity with the communities where those operate, the ethical standards are needed to be maintained for making the organization function in an effective manner within the business environment (De George, 2011). Managing ethics within workplace I have been working as a manager of a Government organization and I have been provided with a bit where I need to provide a supply of new computers to another company named Radax which has been owned by my friend. After interacting with my friend, who own the company Radax, I came to know that Radax do not have the best bid. There have been a large number of ethical concerns which have emerged in this kind of situation. The ethics have helped me to understand what is right and what is wrong considering the case where I need to supply our products and services to another company which has been the bidder. This is based on the different kinds if impact of products and services and also the relationship with the stakeholders. Business ethics are essential during different times of fundamental changes both in case of profit as well as loss (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2016). I have paid a lot of attention to the ethics in business within the workplace which has helped me to act according to the situations irrespective of the kind of bid which has been made by the owner of another company in United Kingdom. Focusing on the business ethics also has helped me to struggle and overcome crisis and complex situations with ease and also regains a strong moral development. Reacting to the business ethics means doing what is right for business and also copes with the stress and crisis situations in business. A corporate program of ethics consists of different kinds of values, policies and activities that are responsible for making an impact on the proprietary of the behaviour and attitude of an organization (Giacalone Thompson, 2006). Ethical dilemmas considering the case The ethical dilemmas could be stated as different kinds of complex situations which could result due to the mental conflict between the moral imperatives in business. Here the ethical dilemmas arise when I became confused of whether to supply the computers to the company Radax or not. This is because firstly, it is the company which is owned by the company and secondly, it does not have the best bid, as founded by me after interacting with my friend and speaking about the bud. The ethical dilemmas have also occurred due to the disapproval of the ethical systems and moral codes (Hoffman et al, 2014). This is a serious problem, as I, as a manager of a Government establishment has to choose between a moral and immoral act. This is an opportunity for me to deal with this kind of pressure situation and also help my company to success within the business environment in an efficient way. Based on the cultural values of the company, I also must make sure that my company might not face loss d ue to the bid which has been made. This could result in harming the ethical standards as well as cultural values of the company, which further might deteriorate the condition and functioning if the business organization as well (Ritter, 2006). Ethical Theories Ethics and business decisions making go hand in hand and leaders are expected to undertake ethically significant decisions regularly. Ethical theories have been classified broadly into four broad categories: Deontology, Utilitarianism, rights and virtues. Deontological theories illustrate that individual should stick to their duties and responsibilities while engaged in the process of decision making. Crux of this theory is on upholding ones duty while discharging obligations in an ethically right manner. However one drawback is that individual ethics can vary from person to person and as such there is lack of uniformity (Hoffman et al, 2014). Focus of Utilitarian ethical theories is on making choices that benefit majority of the people. Utilitarian theories are further classified into act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Focus of act utilitarianism is on undertaking acts that benefits majority of the people irrespective of personal consideration or societal norms. On the other hand rule utilitarianism focuses on existent laws and deems the fairness of a decision. The rights theory focuses on endorsement by a majority of people in a society and therefore the societys goals and priorities have to be decided first. As such, rights theories can be successful when they are applied in conjunction to other ethical theories (Rossouw Van Vuuren, 2013). As the name suggests, virtue theory within ethics evaluate a person by his/her character rather than by action. Evaluation of character is done by analysing moral, character and impulse. Virtue theory fails to account for any change that may happen to a person. Different theories have different approaches on deciding the ethics and the decision making process vary from person to person. It can be stated that ethical theories seek to uphold the four tenets of beneficence, least harm, respect for autonomy and justice. Process of decision making revolves around numerous stakeholders and as such the decision making process tends to get complicated at times. Ethics provide guidance and insight as to the right course that will lead to benefit of the involved parties (Agle et al, 2008). Ethical theories seek to provide guidance to decision makers while undertaking verdict or judgment. Experiences also form a significant part in deciding what is right or what is wrong and such experience can be useful in comparing consequences arising as a result of undertaking a decision. The decision making process vary from person to person and involves different parameters for different person. Organisational aims and goals are also need to be kept in mind whil e implementing a particular decision. The case study of Radax can be analysed so as to better understand ethical concerns while undertaking or implementing a decision (Trevino Nelson, 2010). The manager of the government establishment that has received the bid has to separate his personal interests from that of the organisation. The best has to be chosen irrespective of the personal rapport of the manager with Radax. The manager has to prioritise the needs o the organisation where he works and has to choose the best bid. The decision making process has to adhere to the tents of act utilitarianism so as to benefit greater number of people without considering personal interest. Resolving ethical dilemmas I also must make sure that my friend does not develop any kinds of negative thoughts on me, which might create distance between our friendships. But my first priority would be my company, where I work for. So, it is my duty to resolve all the ethical dilemmas and preserve the cultural values so as to make sure that my organization can gain profit and also survive in the competitive business environment. There could be pressure while gaining the best deals from another business organization, which could also make the workers negotiate in bad faith. The ethical dilemmas could often be difficult to resolve based on the guidelines, rules and regulations of the company (Rossouw Van Vuuren, 2013). The management of the company must also be responsible for considering the ethics seriously and prevent kinds of unethical practices of misconducts. As a manager, I personally think that the ethical dilemmas faced by the managers are the most difficult and complex to resolve. As seen from the ca se study, this is a problem in personal friendship, which has been the ethical dilemma is this case. Based on the cultural values of the organization, I also must not make any misconduct which could harm the organisational functioning and condition, so I have personally preferred to cancel the bid which has been made by the company Radax. The culture comprises of the different kinds of ethical values, norms and behaviours of the organization (Rossouw, 2005). A number of guidelines, rules and regulations are imposed which are needed to be maintained by the manager in order to fulfil the criteria as well as maintain the ethical standards and healthy culture within the organization. So, in order to resolve the conflicts and ethical dilemmas, the ethics in business are needed to be maintained which is the most appropriate choice in this case. The codes of ethics have also specified the various rules and regulations that are needed to be maintained for managing the business operations an d processes by the manager (Trevino Nelson, 2010). These codes have certain values and are essential for managing ethics within the workplace. Therefore, after looking into this matter considering the bid which has been made, I have made a final choice that I would not approve the bid, as it might be inappropriate for the company, both in terms of profit as well as cultural values. My choice has been mostly affected by the development of morale and cultural values of my organization in which I play the role of an efficient manager for a long time (Weiss, 2014). Conclusion The Government has introduced several types of guidelines, rules and regulations in order to determine the business behaviour and understand the ways by which they could perceive in order to provide effective directions for the success of business. The current report further expands its explanation by covering the various aspects of business ethics as well as the different kinds of ethical issues and dilemmas which might result considering the case. The various ways or approaches by which the manager of the company managed to resolve the ethical dilemmas and make a choice regarding the bid have also been discussed here (Agle et al, 2008). So, all these aspects have been included in this report for gaining an appropriate and valid conclusion for this topic. References Agle, B. R., Donaldson, T., Freeman, R. E., Jensen, M. C., Mitchell, R. K., Wood, D. J. (2008). Dialogue: Toward superior stakeholder theory.Business Ethics Quarterly,18(02), 153-190. Christensen, L. J., Peirce, E., Hartman, L. P., Hoffman, W. M., Carrier, J. (2007). Ethics, CSR, and sustainability education in the Financial Times top 50 global business schools: Baseline data and future research directions.Journal of Business Ethics,73(4), 347-368. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2007).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press, USA. De George, R. T. (2011).Business ethics. Pearson Education India. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2016).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Giacalone, R. A., Thompson, K. R. (2006). Business ethics and social responsibility education: Shifting the worldview.Academy of Management Learning Education,5(3), 266-277. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Ritter, B. A. (2006). Can business ethics be trained? A study of the ethical decision-making process in business students.Journal of Business Ethics,68(2), 153-164. Rossouw, D., Van Vuuren, L. (2013).Business ethics. Oxford University Press. Rossouw, G. J. (2005). Business ethics and corporate governance in Africa.Business Society,44(1), 94-106. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2010).Managing business ethics. John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Role of supply chain in operations management practices and performance

Stream of Consciousness Writing

Stream of Consciousness Writing Stream of consciousness is a  narrative technique that gives the impression of a mind at work, jumping from one observation, sensation, or reflection to the next seamlessly and often without conventional  transitions. Although stream of consciousness is commonly associated with the work of novelists including James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner, the method has also been used effectively by writers of creative nonfiction  and is often referred to as freewriting. The metaphor of the stream of consciousness was coined by American philosopher and psychologist William James in The Principles of Psychology in 1890 and has been perpetuated to this day in the modern literature and psychology fields. Urgency and Presence in Stream of Consciousness Often used by creative writing teachers as a means to get the creative juices flowing for their students at the beginning of classes, a stream of consciousness writing exercises often ground writers in the presentness, the importance of a given subject or discourse. In creative fiction, a stream of consciousness may be used by a narrator to convey the thoughts or feelings going on in the head of a character, a writers trick to convince the audience of the authenticity of thoughts he or she is attempting to write into the story. These internal monologues of sorts read and transfer thought more organically to the audience, providing a direct look into the inner workings of a characters mental landscape. The characteristic lack of punctuation and transitions only furthers this idea of a free-flowing prose wherein the reader and speaker alike jump from one topic to the next, much like a person would when daydreaming about a given topic- one might start with talking about fantasy films but end up discussing the finer points of medieval costuming, for instance, seamlessly and without transition. A Notable Examplein Tom Wolfes Nonfiction Work Stream of consciousness writing isnt only for fictional works- Tom Wolfes memoir Electric  Kool-Aid Acid Test is packed full of beautiful, eloquent stream of consciousness which provides insight into the protagonists journey and story. Take this excerpt for example:   - Kesey has Cornel Wilde Running Jacket ready hanging on the wall, a jungle-jim corduroy jacket stashed with fishing line, a knife, money, DDT, tablet, ball-points, flashlight, and grass. Has it timed by test runs that he can be out the window, down through a hole in the roof below, down a drain pipe, over a wall and into thickest jungle in 45 seconds- well, only 35 seconds left, but head start is all that’s needed, with the element of surprise. Besides, its so fascinating to be here in subastral projection with the cool rushing dex, synched into  their  minds and his own, in all its surges and tributaries and convolutions, turning it this way and that and rationalizing the situation for the 100th time in split seconds, such as: If they have that many men already here, the phony telephone men, the cops in the tan car, the cops in the Volkswagen, what are they waiting for? why havent they crashed right in through the rotten doors of this Rat building In The Mythopoeic Reality: The Postwar American Nonfiction Novel, Masud Zavarzadeh explains Wolfes above use of stream of consciousness as the dominating narrative choice for this section of the nonfiction novel, saying the technical rationale for the use of such narrational devices in the nonfiction novel is the treatment of the subjectivity of the situation or person portrayed, as distinguished from the projected subjectivity (empathy) of the fictive novelist.

Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends Assignment

Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends - Assignment Example The paper "Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends" analyzes the trends of the Contemporary Fashion. This paper explores the contemporary fashion marketing trends that will be prominent in the next 5 years, particularly in the global fashion industry. Over the next five years, some fashion trends will be influential, especially in the international platform. They will be influential in the sense that technology will play a key role in all aspects of fashion marketing. In essence, the digitization of the fashion marketing industry will revolutionize the industry in the sense that most customers will get the latest fashion updates via online platforms. Although technology has revolutionized the fashion industry on a significant scale, the next five years will see the globalization of the fashion industry. Customers and prospective customers will receive all the information that they require through digital platforms. The contemporary fashion industry players will also conduct most of the ir marketing via digital platforms in order to reach a global clientele. Social network will be more influential in the fashion industry in the next five years that it is today. When it comes to sustainability, the contemporary fashion marketing is set to evolve in line with the highly dynamic world and fashion market. As the world advanced into the 21st century, more industries, including the fashion industry, are becoming environmentally conscious. It means that any contemporary or future fashion marketing.

The Battle For Berlin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Battle For Berlin - Research Paper Example There was a huge difference between the strength of German and Russian forces in all aspects, which also played its role in the defeat of the German army. The Russian forces were superior to the German army in terms of equipment and troops, which helped them defeat German forces and race towards the city of Berlin. The major countries, which sent their forces to carry out attack on Berlin, were Russia, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. â€Å"The Red Army played the dominant role in the defeat of the Reich, demoting the Anglo-American war effort to secondary or tertiary importance† (Davies 2006). Over 2.5 million men including 78000 Polish army men attacked Berlin defeating the German army all over. Russian forces, known as red army in the World War II, fired over two million artillery shells in different parts of Berlin, which not only destroyed the buildings and homes but also killed a large number of German civilians. Germans were though equipped with portable anti-tank w eaponry in order to destroy the Russian tanks but they failed to make a good use of those weapons. Russian army used to destroy whole buildings in occurrence of a single fire from those buildings. The huge difference between the manpower and equipment showed its effects on the battle between the two forces. German army although fought bravely but it could not meet the strength of the Red army. Russians rolled down relentlessly from the east and the northeast of Berlin. After sustaining as many as 325,000 causalities, Berlin surrendered on 2nd May 1945, which marked an end not only to the battle but also to the World War II. Importance of Battle for Berlin in World War II and Contributing Factors The battle of Berlin was of extreme importance not only for the Soviet Union but also for the European sector. Russia was a real power at that time and that was one of the reasons of war because Russia wanted to show its power in the World War II. The battle of Berlin was also of great polit ical importance because it was not only important for the unity of alliance but also it provided help to Russia on the Oder East of Germany. The main causes of the battle of Berlin were the unresolved issues of the World War I. Those issues created tensions between the countries, which led towards the World War II and eventually towards the battle of Berlin. In addition, the military aggression shown by Nazi Germany and Japan on Poland and China strengthened the way towards Second World War. The Soviet Union wanted to disarm Germany because it was posing threat to various other countries. For this reason, Soviet Union allied with the United States, Britain, and France in order to launch a combined attack on Germany. Germany was becoming a great threat to the unity of alliance, so in order to keep it away from further invasions; Soviet Union decided to attack the city of Berlin in order to take full control of Germany. The battle of Berlin gained significant importance at the end of the World War II. The battle not only resulted in ending the World War II but also played its role in securing most of the European countries from Nazi Germany. Germany and Russia were the two major forces of the world war and both of them were aiming to get success at the end of the war. It is natural that in the war, one group wins and the other one faces a

Nashville International Airport (BNA) Research Paper

Nashville International Airport (BNA) - Research Paper Example Though the airport was initially built on just 337 acres of land, the airport has since acquired adjacent land for expansion. Finch (2009) reveals that the airport currently sits on more than 4,500 acres of land. Finch (2009) reports that, apart from the acquisition of more land for expansion, the airport has also undergone a series of renovation, which has transformed it be one of the safest airports to board a plane. For instance, the airport has four runways, which are long enough to handle all types of aircrafts. The longest runway measures about 3,360 meters, which meets the RSA standards for handling all kinds of aircrafts. Finch (2009) noted that Nashville International Airport (BNA) currently handles a very large number of travelers and cargo. Finch (2009) reveals that BNA has 12 airlines that serve the various cities in North America and beyond. The airport is reported to be witnessing about 400 arrivals and departure daily. Finch (2009) reveals that about 8 million passenge rs currently fly either from or into the airport. For instance, it is reported that about 4.67 million passengers boarded flights on Nashville International Airport (BNA) in 2011. The airport also handled more than 84,000 tons of cargo in the same year. Currently Nashville International Airport (BNA) ranks 34th-busiest passenger airport in the U.S. ... As earlier indicated, Nashville International Airport (BNA) handles about 7 million passengers each year which is more than 1% of Americas total passenger boarding’s, according to Surhone, Timpledon and Marseken (2010). Nashville International Airport (BNA) recognizes the fact that the airport serves even the physically challenged. As a result, the airport has elevators and ramps used by these passengers for alighting and boarding the plane. The airport also has an ample parking bay for vehicles with handicap license plates. In this regard, it is a requirement that each airline makes its own arrangement for assisting the physically challenged to get to and from the plane. In addition to the parking lot for the physically challenged, the airport also has a packing bay for all provided free of charge as long as the vehicle is not packed for more than 30 minutes. Moreover, there is also a short-vehicle servicing garage for passengers who travel via the airport (Romine, 2012). Nas hville International Airport (BNA) also has many entertainment facilities at the airport that ensures that its passengers are not left the board while waiting their flights. Finch (2009) reveals that the airport has some of the several hotels and restaurants at the terminus where passengers can enjoy their meals. The hotels and restaurants serve a variety of meals and drinks to passengers at affordable prices. In addition, the airport also features live bands on a daily basis ranging from jazz to county music (Surhone, Timpledon, and Marseken, 2010). The terminus of the airport is also well illuminated by skylights designed by Robert Lamb Hart, the famous New York architect. This contributes to the general atmosphere of accessibility and openness. Security is also beefed up at the

Impact of the Aztec Mathematical System

Impact of the Aztec Mathematical System How the Aztec Mathematical System Came to be and Contributed to us Today by Destiny Harrison, Delaney Garcia, Jaysiya Norman, Jewel Samson, Raquel Cruz, Katelyn Woodley, Kalyna Mai and Olivia Nixon For the competition, we were tasked with studying Aztec mathematics. Aztec mathematics was one of the most complicated mathematical writings of any of the pre-Columbian people. Aztecs used hand, heart and arrow symbols to represent their numbers. The researchers put immense effort into studying Aztec agricultural manuscripts trying to understand how the genius-seeming people arrived at area calculations. [1] Only when they factored in the important and well-used glyphs did the figures make sense. The term Aztec comes from the ethnic groups that were both politically and socially dominant in Mexico during the 1330s through the early 1500s. Geographer Barbara Williams of the University of Wisconsin and math genius Maria del Carmen Jorge Y Jorge of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico studied long and hard over two documents that described the farming properties owned and controlled by citizens in the city of Tepetlaoxtoc for about four years in the 1540s[2]. There are only a few records written in the pre-Mexico period that includes perimeter and area data; shown by Dr. Jorges studies. Most of the documents from this time were lost. The researchers tried to copy the area predictions and originally had issues. When the Aztecs realized that the arrow, hand, and head drawings showed ground distances they were finally were able to come up with some predictions. [3]The system they use to record the areas is confusing, even for modern mathematical geniuses, according to what Dr. Jorge told LiveScience during an interview. She was very excited to see that actually using the symbols made it easier to discover the areas. Each symbol stood for a distance that was less than the standard area unit called a land rod. These arrow, heart and hand symbols were similar to what we now call fractions, according to the studies Dr. Jorge conveyed. [4] They called them units of measure, smaller than the length unit. [5]The Aztecs had their own forms of calculation. The Aztecs used a base-20 number system, and labeled the ones with dots and 20s with bars. Aztec math has more numbers than we do now or at least symbols labelling numerical theories. The land holding documents were written for the use of tax. The type of the mathematics the Aztec used to calculate land holdings was made to be constant with the calendar mathematics which are well known for. The ability to make calculations while using proportions was spread across cultures at the time (Moskowitz[6]). Usually a finger was used to show the number. Going by the dots, one would be represented as one dot;   Ã‚   1 = à ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ § And so forth with the number system; 2 = à ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ § 3 = à ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ Ã‚ § The Aztecs were dominant citizens in Mexico for several hundred years. The Aztecs used a number system that had been around for a long time. It is a vigesimal system as the apposed to our decimal system. The Aztecs used a dot number system. They left behind their comprehensive math writings, and fascinating scholars until this day. The Aztecs had a intelligent idea of what zero was and there is no proof that they had a symbol representing it. The lines and dots look very simple but was actually very complicated. The Aztecs were one of few groups to completely measure out many things in life. The Codex Vergara, from 1540, has representable drawings and altitude of individual fields. Previous study has showed the fact that they had knowledge of multiplication and division and they even had some information about geometry. The mathematics that the Aztecs used was highly based upon earlier versions of Egyptian mathematics; mirroring their use of images as numbers. The images had no order and could be written in any way to still represent the same singular number, just as the Egyptian symbols. The Aztecs used body parts to measure. For example, if you stretched out your left the measure from your heart to the tip of your finger would be one singular measure (much like our current foot, inch, and mile). The system is puzzling, used to record area and perimeter during architecture and other building methods. Still, the measurement system was complex for its time period. Aztecs recorded only the total area. Dr. Williams has analyzed the Codex Vergara (which is what they called the Aztec math). Aztecs used several types of algorithms to calculate areas. Some involved simply multiplying length by width. The Aztecs came up with many different ideas such as multiplying the average of two different sides by an adjacent side. When a measurement did not match an exact number of land rods they used their standard unit of normal measurement, which went to about 2.5. The Aztecs also used mathematics for astronomy. Although most of their information in math astronomy was lost there is a pretty good synthesis of the remaining information in the book Skywatchers by Anthony Aveni. For example the Aztecs used their system to find out that the cycle of Venus is 584 days. The Aztecs even did the math to workout out the eclipse season although they didnt know the shape of the earth or the size.They had found out when the eclipse would happen but they were not total for sure the eclipse would be the total eclipse. They would use the number system to keep track of natural disasters As of what we know the Aztecs are the only early Americans to leave technical documents. Aztecs like to get their measurements right, definitely when it came to taxation. The Aztecs documents were very organized and detailed. The Codex Vergara was created in about 1540, and it involved schematic drawings and the exact measurements of individual fields. It has been revealed that an understanding of multiplication and division,principles of geometry was needed. Although the Aztecs are only early Americans that have these kinds of documents, its reasonable to consider that other groups such as the complex Mayans used similar systems. There is an observation that the Aztecs were living off their religion and that their science and facts were all guided by it. Studies have shown that the Aztecs probably liked to get their measurements right and definitely when it comes to tax. Previous studies have shown that they had the ability of doing multiplication, division and even had some laws of geometry. Aztec math is very valuable because it was one of the first mathematical systems that was made. It was also an ancient tax time. Aztec math is very intriguing; its different unlike a lot of math people do today. The Aztec mathematics helped make the calendar and help make a writing system that uses hieroglyphics. The Aztec civilization blossomed after the come down of the Toltecs around the 11th century AD. By the year 1325 they had found the city of Tenochtitlan in the valley of Mexico and became one of the strongest military groups. The Aztec empire as it was known, was very powerful, lead several other groups, grand taxes, taking sacrifice prisoners and gripping their achievements. A diamond represents 10, a flag represents 20, feathers represent the hundreds, a bag of cacao beans represents 8,000. The Aztec empire was a collection of small states that were controlled by chiefs. Their alliance with the neighboring city states of Tetzcoco and Tlacopan made them so powerful that they came to control most of what is now called Mexico. The Aztec king claimed to be born from the line of the gods and ruled through a council of nobles and officials. Noble males served in the military, in government, and in priesthood. The lower classes worked as slaves and commoners; this category was most of the Aztec people. The Aztec recorded the area of shapes once they found the area. Aztec people were very intelligent, they worked hard to get their math where it is today. Astronomy is the intelligence of planets and stars. The Aztecs developed an elaborate calendar that reflected the cosmic cycles of their religion, called the Sun Calendar. The Aztecs were very smart and intelligent thinkers as well. The Aztec education was valued in their culture. At this time the math they had came up with was more advanced than the other systems. The Aztecs were not just good at math but was also good at science; that helped them with making some of their choices. Their math relied on their science sometimes. Today we use math for so many different reasons like to buy what we want or need but one of the reasons why the Aztecs made their math system was so when they built anything they would have the measurements right and also for taxes. The Aztec Empire was known to be very powerful and dominated several other cultures , applying taxes, taking sacrifice prisoners, and taking in their advancements. This is how they were influenced by the Mayans, not directly but by the Toltecs who had gotten that knowledge years before, in comparison to their math and their calendars. Even though there is no precise Aztec math, it is believed that the Aztecs were taught a Mayan-based math, using the same view and symbols, so it turned out the same way. It was also used in the marketplace for the trading of goods, but more significantly it was implemented by astronomers in the important search of the skies and space, through the calendars. The Aztecs were very religious and led themselves through offerings, human and animal sacrifices to the gods; the Aztec stone was a sacrificial stone made sometime in the 1470s in the temple of the war god Huitzilopochtli, but the stone also represented the Aztec cosmos. There were people charged with the responsibility of studying the cosmos, like the priests who were the astronomers as well. It was obvious that these people needed to posses a strong mathematical knowledge in order to take control and study the skies, and interpret the calendar, so we can see that math was an integral part of the future priests education. The calendars created by the Aztecs were made up of a combination of the earlier calendars and Aztecs general religious beliefs. The Aztecs believed that each and every era of the world was labelled by the end of the 52nd year or life cycle, and that post that either a new era was about to begin or the end of the world was drawing nearer. Every era was marked by a unique process, like ÃÆ' the Era of the Earth Sun, the Age of Great Winds, the Age of Fire, the Age of Floods, and the present one the Age of Earthquakes. These were the five Suns, all of which are shown in the Aztec calendar: the current one in the center and all other four, with their date of ending, surrounding the fifth sun, which is symbolized as an Aztec god (one of the Aztec gods), probably the sun god. The stone didnt commemorate the start of the fifth sun but the destruction of it by earthquakes. The Aztecs believed that in order to keep the gods happy they had to supply them with fresh human hearts, to keep on living. With the Aztec calendars, the Aztecs were able to track important dates with their calendars, as well as use them to study and investigate space and the Earth. They used the calendars to track when they could study the constellations and stars best (see them best). They were good at their knowledge in astronomy and mathematics they used to help them; their system could be compared to the Egyptian system (as mentioned), but also the Hindus and Babylonians. Our opinion on the Aztec culture is immense; we think very highly of them and their mathematical skills. We think that the mathematics is helpful to our modern world today. They contributed to our society by helping develop our own, modern mathematics. Without the Aztecs mathematics, we may never have had developed our own. We might not have started using decimals, zeros as placeholders, time, money, or even numbers in general! We think that Aztec mathematics is very helpful to us. We use Aztec mathematics today in school, teaching, and our jobs. Our future careers may depend on mathematics that directly root from the Aztec developments. Delaney thinks it is interesting to her because the developments of Aztec mathematics helps you with math equations today. On the contrary, Jaysiya thinks it is very useful because it helps us in the 21st century (career, historian, and etc wise). Raquel thinks it is entertaining because it started long ago and it helps us even modernly. Olivia thinks that it is very creative because of the many different symbols used in the system. Kalyna thinks that the Aztec mathematics were a great development in mathematics for the time period it was used in because of the complex equations and calculations. Katelyn thinks that Aztec math is very interesting to learn about, she would love to learn more about it. Destiny says that she thinks it is an interesting topic to learn and that she thinks that it could have been a difficult system to come up with. Overall, our conclusion to this essay follows; How did Aztec mathematics affect us today? Without the contributions of the knowledge passed on through Aztec culture, we might never have developed our modern mathematics that led to great inventions such as the car, keys, TVs, the internet and computers, and so many more commonly used household items that we depend on in the 21st century. How did the Aztec mathematics develop? The Aztecs used a complex complication of developing forward previous systems; the Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Mayan dot-and-bar-system, and so forth. But they developed so much on their own, including but not limited to calendars, decimals, and even the late development of zeros as place holders. Works Cited Andrei, Mihai. Science ABCs How Aztecs did the Math. http://www.zmescience.com, 9 Apr. 2008, www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/science-abc-how-aztecs-did-the-math/ Holden, Constance. How Aztecs did the Math. http://www.sciencemag.org, 3 Apr. 2008 Leon, Araceli. Math Use During Maya and Aztec Civilizations. http://www.hermetic.ch, www.hermetic.ch/cal_stud/maya/mathuse.htm Moskowitz, Clara. Amazing Aztecs were Math Whizzes Too. www.livescience.com, 2 Apr. 2008, www.livescience.com/2427-amazing-aztecs-math-whizzes.html Siddiqui, Ajaz. Aztec Number System. www.math.temple.edu, 8 Feb. 2004, www.math.temple.edu/~zit/Native%20American/9%20Aztecs_num.pdf [1]Sources? I know its tedious, but its worth it. [2]Makes it sound like Maria and Barbara worked on the documents in 1540. I know what you meant, but you might want to clarify. they studied two documents from the 1540s for 4 years. or something along those lines. [3]cite source please. [4]Not sure conveyed is the right term for this sentence. [5]They called what units of measure? A bit unclear. You guys are doing well. I see the hard work. You got this. Keep it up. [6]In text citations are (last name, page #).

Who Moved My Cheese? Essay -- Book Reviews Spencer Johnson

Change is one of those unique subjects that can be perceived differently by any one individual. You might ask three people what their personal definition of change is and receive three different answers. Some people offer very little resistance to change, they consider it the spice of life; it prevents stagnancy and maintains excitement through diversity. Some people view change like the U.S. viewed Russia during the cold war, as an inevitable threat that we must constantly monitor and prepare for. Other people react to change like an ostrich reacts to danger. They just stick their head in a hole and pretend it doesn't exist. Change is constantly happening all the time to everyone in someway or another. Whether or not change is accepted does not alter the fact that it exists however the way you accept change can alter the way you exist. The book titled, Who Moved My Cheese?, written by Spencer Johnson, M.D. is a parable that reveals how change is dealt with differently by individuals. In this story there are four characters, two mice named Sniff and Scurry and two "little people", named Hem and Haw, who are about the size of mice but act and think much like humans. These four characters are in a maze searching for cheese. The cheese is a metaphor for the things that make you happy in life like a successful career, happy marriage, financial security, materialistic possessions etc. The maze represents where you might be looking for these things for example your company, home, or town. Change plays a key element in this parable. Change happens when the four characters run out of cheese, which was once abundant at their location in the maze. Each of the characters reacts a little differently to this change, some reactions ... ... than not people much like Haw find that their fears are of lesser threat than they have imagined them to be. Many times fear is only a self-contrived obstacle that prevents personal progress. Whether or not change is accepted does not alter the fact that it exists however the way you accept change can alter the way you exist. Hem's existence was obviously negatively affected by his inability to accept change. The mice quickly moved on to a better existence after accepting change without hesitation. Haw learned that his hesitation to acceptance of change caused him precious time without cheese. As Haw learned in the parable, accepting change, anticipating change, being aware of change and enjoying change can lead to living a happier and more prosperous life. Works Cited Johnson M.D., Spencer. Who Moved My Cheese? New York: G.P. Putman's Sons, 1998,2002

Diva Shoes Questions

Questions for Diva Shoes Note: you have to address these questions but you can address other issues as well within the format constraints.1. What are Diva's projected profits for the fiscal year ending September 1995?2. What factors affect a firm's exposure to exchange-rate risk?3. â€Å"Forward traders quoted forward and futures prices based on the difference between foreign and U. S. interest rates. † Explain what this means in your own words and why ?4. â€Å"In addition, some of Diva’s foreign exchange risk was reduced by offsetting inflows and outflows in particular markets. † Explain what an operational hedge is with examples of your own.5. What did Bisno perceived as the cost of doing business overseas ? does his perception make economic sense ? Why or why not ?6. Explain exactly how to estimate the annualized standard deviation of lognormal returns of exchange rates relative to U. S. dollars. How would you do the calculation if the data were weekly instea d of monthly ? daily ? explain in detail.7. How much exposure to exchange-rate risk does Diva Shoes have in April 1995? explain in detail and with numbers.8. Suppose that Diva chooses to hedge its exposure in yen using the forward contract described in case Appendix A or the currency option described in case Appendix B. Assume that you lock in these contracts at the forward price implied by interest-rate parity for September 1995. Draw the payoffs to the position at maturity for each alternative with the exchange rate defined in USD/JPY x 10,000 units (i. e. , the same units as the currency option is quoted).9. What do you see as the trade-offs between the alternatives for hedging ? 10. Do you think Bisno should remain strictly a shoe salesman or do you favor hedging his exposure? If you favor hedging, which alternative would you recommend to him?

Senator Paul Wellstone essays

Senator Paul Wellstone essays Late Senator Paul Wellstones extraordinary courage in the fight for issues such as peace and human rights along with his opposition to the Gulf War and the war in Iraq made him a political hero in the eyes of many. As U.S. senator of Minnesota, Wellstone dealt with serious issues of peace, health care, environmentalism, education and human rights (www.randomhose.com). This passionate Democrat was known as one of the strongest spokesmen for his party in the Senate. Defending what he believed in was said to be his greatest talent, and people loved him for that (Friedman). He had a rocky start after being elected in 1990, beating the very respected Republican Senator Rudy Boschwitz. Gradually he gained respect from all sides and was viewed as someone who could separate the political from the personal (www.pbs.org). Even before beginning his political career, Wellstone had the courage and determination that many did not. He was a professor at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota and had a Ph.D. in political science. Wellstone was an advocate of justice who expressed his beliefs, not only through words, but also through his actions (news.mpr.org). He was a huge activist for human rights, especially when it came to protecting those living in poverty. During the 1970s he was arrested when he joined with family farmers across the nation to fight against companies that were threatening to foreclose their farms. He once gathered rural civilians of Minnesota to protest against the installment of a high voltage power line, and even led a protest with strikers against the Hormel meatpacking company in Austin, Texas (www.pbs.org). In his first term Wellstone successfully led opposition of an energy bill that would have allowed drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. At the Capitol in 1992 he stood with black farmers demanding that Congress supp ...

Free Essays on Bodega Dreams

Bodega Dreams The novel Bodega Dreams, written by Ernesto Quinonez, appears to suggest that in the case of the antagonist Willie Bodega, the ends do justify the means. Though positive results were manifested in the community, the way in which they were accomplished were far from positive. The controversially ethical issue of whether the end justify the means or the means justify the end seems to be the concern of the novel. In history many peoples’ lives have been destroyed to improve the gain of others. The forefathers of this country murdered and destroyed Native Americans’ lives for their own personal gain, Germans murdered Jews for their own gain, and like Willie Bodega drug dealers sell drugs for their own financial gain. Though some people attain success in a less extreme manner, for instance, one may see a co-worker being fired as an opportunity for a promotion. The novel seems to suggest that in order to attain success one will inevitable be forced to step on people on the way up. Analyzing Willie Bodega’s rise to the top, how he got there, and his reasoning for the way he got there, will help to develop an understanding for t he reason why the novel suggests that the means do justify the end ends. The novel opens by introducing the protagonist and narrator Julio Mercado also known as Chino and his life long best friend Enrique, also known as Sapo. The novel introduces the two characters during their childhood growing up in the ghettos of East Harlem New York, better known as Spanish Harlem, to explain how their friendship began and developed. During their years in school Sapo would always take up for Chino and even fight for him. The novel is constructed into three books in which refer to its chapters as rounds, which symbolically represents the struggle within their Spanish Harlem neighbor hood and how one literally has to become a fighter and fight to survive the adversity and destitution forced upon residents... Free Essays on Bodega Dreams Free Essays on Bodega Dreams Bodega Dreams The novel Bodega Dreams, written by Ernesto Quinonez, appears to suggest that in the case of the antagonist Willie Bodega, the ends do justify the means. Though positive results were manifested in the community, the way in which they were accomplished were far from positive. The controversially ethical issue of whether the end justify the means or the means justify the end seems to be the concern of the novel. In history many peoples’ lives have been destroyed to improve the gain of others. The forefathers of this country murdered and destroyed Native Americans’ lives for their own personal gain, Germans murdered Jews for their own gain, and like Willie Bodega drug dealers sell drugs for their own financial gain. Though some people attain success in a less extreme manner, for instance, one may see a co-worker being fired as an opportunity for a promotion. The novel seems to suggest that in order to attain success one will inevitable be forced to step on people on the way up. Analyzing Willie Bodega’s rise to the top, how he got there, and his reasoning for the way he got there, will help to develop an understanding for t he reason why the novel suggests that the means do justify the end ends. The novel opens by introducing the protagonist and narrator Julio Mercado also known as Chino and his life long best friend Enrique, also known as Sapo. The novel introduces the two characters during their childhood growing up in the ghettos of East Harlem New York, better known as Spanish Harlem, to explain how their friendship began and developed. During their years in school Sapo would always take up for Chino and even fight for him. The novel is constructed into three books in which refer to its chapters as rounds, which symbolically represents the struggle within their Spanish Harlem neighbor hood and how one literally has to become a fighter and fight to survive the adversity and destitution forced upon residents...

Trade Diversion and Trade Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Trade Diversion and Trade Creation - Essay Example The concept of trade creation and the trade diversion is based on the cost of production and the value of the outcomes among countries or regions. Trade creation arises because of trade deals that occur between different countries that are involved in a spending shift by the domestic consumers. The agreement aims at moving local consumer expenditure from higher cost source domestic spending to a lower cost source partner spending (El-Agraa and El-Agraa, 2007). To clarify the concept of trade diversion, take an example of two countries within the EU that have signed a trading agreement. Taking in country A and country B. Country A households can switch their spending on insurance and cars supplied by its domestic suppliers at a higher cost to those provided by country B suppliers at a lower cost operating in the same market. The primary essence of trade creation is to encourage an upsurge in trade among countries that enter an agreement by signing the trade accord (Laine, 2011). The trade creation also leads to an efficient allocation of limited resources and raises gain in user and manufacturer welfare. Below is a diagram showing both the domestic supply and the internal demand for trade creation in the European Countries. The diagram demonstrates that access to cheaper supplies allows a lower price, which benefits the final consumer. The diagram also shows that a reduction in price that leads to an expansion in demand thus an increase in consumer surplus. The incurred surplus further leads to a net improvement in the country’s economic welfare. On the other hand, trade diversion is best defined as a change in local customer speeding from a zone of lower cost source to an area of higher partner cost source. It occurs because of the removal of tariffs on the imports acquired from the other partner countries. Trade diversion is commonly based on the existing tariffs on the external imports of the goods and services.

Proposal & Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal & Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example major aspect consisting of the effects of the potentially more economical and eco-friendly cars, including hybrid supercars, hybrid everyday cars, and electrical cars. Week 8: Find and visit any local manufacturers of new generation cars where I will ask questions about the relevant details regarding the environmental friendliness of the cars. Annotate the bibliography. This book is very essential for my research on the new generation of cars purposefully because it is the seventh report that the National Research Council has carried with the aim of creating more partnerships for the new generation of cars. Prospects indicate that the book composes of concrete data based on the progress of automobile programs and gives the reader more than just insights into the subject. As such, it will facilitate my research given that it has corporative research findings and developmental programs from the largest manufacturers of cars such as Ford Motor Company and General Motors. This review offers greater knowledge into the concepts behind the ongoing hybridization of the automobile world. In its preview, the book considers the essence of providing readers and researchers a base for advent knowledge on where these manufacturers of hybrid cars get their financial support. Additionally, the book offers an interdisciplinary nature of hybrid electric cars, which fall under the category of the new generation cars. With a wide range of findings and observations made and documented by very competent researchers from the National Research Council, this book offers a structural composition of the measures the users of the new generation of cars have to consider when using them. With that respect, this book is essential for this research, as it will provide a basis for understanding the level of eco-friendliness offered by these new generations of cars. Perhaps unwittingly, the tagline of this book makes it understandable that the new generation of cars requires to be not only

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be Essay

Can Nation States response to dealing with illegal drug trade ever be effective - Essay Example The governments are spending heavily on the war on drugs and terror, yet little can be determined a success. According to the NCA, the UK hosts a highly attractive illegal drug market, which the government’s organized crime strategy states that it costs the nation an estimated  £10.7 billion annually (n.d.). The effects of the drugs moving around the streets of the world’s nations without well-known linked sources remain a devastating issue for the societies, where most families involved with the crimes of trafficking or use of the substances flourish at the expense of others or waste their health in addictions. UK’s demand for illicit drugs, especially Class A consisting of heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, and ecstasy have a large market share; Matrix Knowledge Group (2007, p.11) earlier on revealed estimates as â€Å"300 importers, 3000 wholesalers and 70000 street dealers†. Countries like USA, Jamaica and UK are among well-established origins and routes linking the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, North and South America, where high demands for illegal drugs are found. The UK has adopted numerous policies and has been working in coordination with other foreign governments. The fact is that drug smuggling and associated crimes is quite a complicated issue that cannot be solved by one nation state. Rather, it requires collective intervention and policies by governments, NGOS and good will individuals to offer an effective solution in reducing drug smuggling and production. Edwards and Gills argue that through international collaboration, these bodies can â€Å"pursue policies that re duce opportunities for successful organized crimes† and break existing criminal conspiracies (2003, p. 15). Drug smuggling into the UK has in the past been perceived to occur through different methods. Criminals have proved capable of using various

Animal Species Essay Example for Free

Animal Species Essay 1. On the diagram below, what percentage of energy (from the choices in blue on the left) is transferred from a producer to a: (A) secondary consumer, (B) tertiary consumer, (C) quaternary consumer? The producer takes 100% from the sun then gives 10% to the primary consumer then 1% to the secondary consumer then .1% to the tertiary consumer and then .01% to the quaternary consumer. 2. Look at the quote from Rachel Carson on the first page. What do you think the quote means? Use some of the terms we have covered regarding the topic of food webs in your one to two paragraph explanation. All the life of the planet is inter-related  each species has its own ties to others, and  all are related to the earth. I think she’s referring to the consumption between the animals going all around the world and going to the past life, similar to earth because all the animals eventually die and are tied together on earth. The food chain connects everyone and everything together in some way which is key to life on earth. 3. Why is it beneficial that many predatory fish have larval and juvenile stages that feed at a low trophic level, while the adults feed at a tertiary or quaternary trophic level? It’s beneficial because then they’re not competing for the same food. If the juvenile are eating something different it will help them actually make it to adulthood. Also juvenile fish don’t have the same energy as the adults so they eat in the low trophic level because it’s an easier and safer feed. 4. Not all adults feed at a high trophic level. Whale sharks (50 ft) are the largest fish and feed on plankton and small fish, while Great White sharks (20 ft) are the largest carnivorous fish and feed on sea lions, seals and large fish. Blue whales (100 ft) are the largest whale and feed primarily on plankton and krill, while the Sperm whale (45 ft) is the largest carnivorous whale feeding on fish and very large squid. (a) How does the location of each animals position in relation to the producers contribute to their size? Be sure to look at the food chain and the amount of energy that is being transferred between the levels. –I think the location of an animal correlates with ones size because if you think of a wale compared to costal fish you know they can’t eat the same things considering a wale being right offshore is highly unlikely. Plus the larger animals (like a whale) won’t have as much energy  as a smaller animal to catch its food so they would eat in the low trophic level because it’s easier to get, and takes less energy. (b) Why do you suppose the plankton feeders are able to attain such large sizes compared to the carnivores? –The main reason I feel that plankton eaters are able to attain such large sizes is because plankton are not a hard catch compared to trying to catch a seal or chase a school of fish. Plankton eaters can eat a lot more, while saving energy, which is perfect for bigger animals.

Discipline in Childhood Essay -- Parenting Papers

Discipline in Childhood Children require freedom to grow and to learn, but they will not thrive on unlimited freedom. The aim of discipline is to set reasonable limits which protect children from harm and teach them what is safe and what is not. If children are to grow up into responsible, conscientious, and dependable adults, they must learn the social, moral, and ethical standards that are considered acceptable in our society. They must also learn to respect the rights and property of others. Children brought up without discipline may become selfish, greedy, dishonest, unpopular, uncooperative and insecure. Undisciplined children constantly demand attention. They may be inconsiderate or disrespectful to others. Some are destructive, aggressive, and accident prone. A child allowed to disobey without punishment is unlikely to develop much respect for law as he grows older. Although it is impossible to define rules for discipline that are appropriate for every situation, some principles are well established. * Your child needs your LOVE more than anything else. * You should use discipline to teach your child. * You should not discipline your child before he or she is old enough to understand the reason for the punishment. * You should not punish your child for behavior that is part of normal development, such as thumb sucking, speech development, or accidents that occur during toilet training. * You should not punish your child for anything that is accidental. * Both parents should be consistent in the application of discipline. * You should explain to your child, in language ... ... has been forgiven. For a time-out to be effective there must also be "time-in." To summaries this piece of work this shows us that children can’t be given unlimited freedom because they will run wild, and this also shows that children require your love and support in life not only as a child but also when they are growing up. This also shows us that children who are NOT disciplined tend to be â€Å"Greedy, dishonest, selfish etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these children also seem to get into more trouble than children who receive more love and support during their childhood. It also says that you should NOT use discipline on children that are too young to understand what is going on, due to this may effect their mental development. This also shows us that ‘time out’ is one of the best disciplines in the way to teach a child to stop misbehaving.

Prohibition of Alcohol

Salvatore Norge Tim Walsh English 101-L01 3 November 2010 Arguing Positions: Prohibition of Alcohol Alcohol abuse is an extremely ravaging calamity, and many resolutions have developed as a result of its effects. The eighteenth amendment was ratified in 1920, and eliminating the legal use of alcohol was adopted. Also known as the prohibition of alcohol, it became effective in the United States of America. Its intentions were to prevent the manufacture, import, export, sales, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.After thirteen years of execution, it was repealed in 1933 due to the ratification of the twenty-first amendment. Alcohol is presently legal throughout the United States, and approximately one-hundred thousand deaths occur each year attributed to alcohol. Is prohibition the answer? Prohibition has delivered a handful of issues to the United States. Crime rates dramatically increased as groups, street gangs, and gangsters were involved in multi-million dollar orga nizations dealing with illegal sales of alcohol.Saloons quickly evolved into areas used for illegal sales and consumption of alcohol, which were later known as speakeasies. Social problems were attributed to the prohibition era, and played a wide role with public opinion. Thing began to heat up as repeal was eagerly anticipated. Alcohol abuse is presently a serious problem in the United States. Risk and health loss is rapidly increasing, and alcohol remains accessible to anyone meeting certain legal requirements. The use of alcohol is persevered throughout America, and it’s held accountable for a large number of problems.In 2005, there were 43,443 alcohol related traffic fatalities in the United States. Sixty percent of all homicides are attributed to alcohol. The abuse of alcohol affects the psychological state as well. There are more than twelve million alcoholics in the United States, and alcoholism is considered the number one drug problem in the country. Hundreds of thou sands of family members and friends are directly affected from this concern. Imagine the number of alcoholics that would seek help if their addictive substance was illegalized.Who would respect the prohibition of alcohol once returned? It’s likely for both the law and alcohol to be abused considering another prohibition. That would cause more chaos for the country. On the other hand, alcohol isn’t always necessarily being abused. Moderate alcohol drinkers tend to live long and healthy lives. A glass of wine a day may increase heart health, and alcohol doesn’t stop its benefits with the heart. A few drinks a day may lower the risk of a variety of illnesses and extend life.It seems that arguments for legalization of alcohol are holding ground against prohibition. The controversy has allocated the country waist deep in obstacles, and who wants to obtain such a conceding way out? The authorities of the United States have appeared to resign against fighting the illeg al use of alcohol, and have resumed all opportunity for legal access to alcohol use. Why haven’t controlled substances been illegalized anticipating future issues with drug wars? Numbers don’t lie, and neither does a positive attitude behind a righteous cause.

Character Analysis of the Glass Menagerie

Tom’s double role in The Glass Menagerie—as a character whose recollections the play documents and as a character who acts within those recollections—underlines the play’s tension between objectively presented dramatic truth and memory’s distortion of truth. Unlike the other characters, Tom sometimes addresses the audience directly, seeking to provide a more detached explanation and assessment of what has been happening onstage. But at the same time, he demonstrates real and sometimes juvenile emotions as he takes part in the play’s action. This duality can frustrate our understanding of Tom, as it is hard to decide whether he is a character whose assessments should be trusted or one who allows his emotions to affect his judgment. It also shows how the nature of recollection is itself problematic: memory often involves confronting a past in which one was less virtuous than one is now. Because The Glass Menagerie is partly autobiographical, and because Tom is a stand-in for the playwright himself (Williams’s given name was Thomas, and he, like Tom, spent part of his youth in St. Louis with an unstable mother and sister, his father absent much of the time), we can apply this comment on the nature of memory to Williams’s memories of his own youth. Even taken as a single character, Tom is full of contradiction. On the one hand, he reads literature, writes poetry, and dreams of escape, adventure, and higher things. On the other hand, he seems inextricably bound to the squalid, petty world of the Wingfield household. We know that he reads D. H. Lawrence and follows political developments in Europe, but the content of his intellectual life is otherwise hard to discern. We have no idea of Tom’s opinion on Lawrence, nor do we have any indication of what Tom’s poetry is about. All we learn is what he thinks about his mother, his sister, and his warehouse job—precisely the things from which he claims he wants to escape. Tom’s attitude toward Amanda and Laura has puzzled critics. Even though he clearly cares for them, he is frequently indifferent and even cruel toward them. His speech at the close of the play demonstrates his strong feelings for Laura. But he cruelly deserts her and Amanda, and not once in the course of the play does he behave kindly or lovingly toward Laura—not even when he nocks down her glass menagerie. Critics have suggested that Tom’s confusing behavior indicates an incestuous attraction toward his sister and his shame over that attraction. This theory casts an interesting light on certain moments of the play—for example, when Amanda and Tom discuss Laura at the end of Scene Five. Tom’s insistence that Laura is hopelessly peculiar and cannot survive in the outside world, while Amanda (and later Jim) claims that Laura’s oddness is a positive thing, could have as much to do with his jealous desire to keep his sister to himself as with Laura’s own quirks. Amanda Wingfield If there is a signature character type that marks Tennessee Williams’s dramatic work, it is undeniably that of the faded Southern belle. Amanda is a clear representative of this type. In general, a Tennessee Williams faded belle is from a prominent Southern family, has received a traditional upbringing, and has suffered a reversal of economic and social fortune at some point in her life. Like Amanda, these women all have a hard time coming to terms with their new status in society—and indeed, with modern society in general, which disregards the social distinctions that they were taught to value. Their relationships with men and their families are turbulent, and they staunchly defend the values of their past. As with Amanda, their maintenance of genteel manners in very ungenteel surroundings can appear tragic, comic, or downright grotesque. Amanda is the play’s most extroverted and theatrical character, and one of modern American drama’s most coveted female roles (the acclaimed stage actress Laurette Taylor came out of semi-retirement to play the role in the original production, and a number of legendary actresses, including Jessica Tandy, have since taken on the role). Amanda’s constant nagging of Tom and her refusal to see Laura for who she really is are certainly reprehensible, but Amanda also reveals a willingness to sacrifice for her loved ones that is in many ways unparalleled in the play. She subjects herself to the humiliating drudgery of subscription sales in order to enhance Laura’s marriage prospects, without ever uttering so much as a word of complaint. The safest conclusion to draw is that Amanda is not evil but is deeply flawed. In fact, her flaws are centrally responsible for the tragedy, comedy, and theatrical flair of her character. Like her children, Amanda withdraws from reality into fantasy. Unlike them, she is convinced that she is not doing so and, consequently, is constantly making efforts to engage with people and the world outside her family. Amanda’s monologues to her children, on the phone, and to Jim all reflect quite clearly her moral and psychological failings, but they are also some of the most colorful and unforgettable words in the play. Laura Wingfield The physically and emotionally crippled Laura is the only character in the play who never does anything to hurt anyone else. Despite the weight of her own problems, she displays a pure compassion—as with the tears she sheds over Tom’s unhappiness, described by Amanda in Scene Four—that stands in stark contrast to the selfishness and grudging sacrifices that characterize the Wingfield household. Laura also has the fewest lines in the play, which contributes to her aura of selflessness. Yet she is the axis around which the plot turns, and the most prominent symbols—blue roses, the glass unicorn, the entire glass menagerie—all in some sense represent her. Laura is as rare and peculiar as a blue rose or a unicorn, and she is as delicate as a glass figurine. Other characters seem to assume that, like a piece of transparent glass, which is colorless until light shines upon it, Laura can take on whatever color they wish. Thus, Amanda both uses the contrast between herself and Laura to emphasize the glamour of her own youth and to fuel her hope of re-creating that youth through Laura. Tom and Jim both see Laura as an exotic creature, completely and rather quaintly foreign to the rest of the world. Yet Laura’s crush on the high school hero, Jim, is a rather ordinary schoolgirl sentiment, and a girl as supposedly fragile as Laura could hardly handle the days she spends walking the streets in the cold to avoid going to typing class. Through actions like these, Laura repeatedly displays a will of her own that defies others’ perceptions of her, and this will repeatedly goes unacknowledged.

Antisemitism essays

Antisemitism essays The Holocaust was not a strictly Jewish event that only involved the European Jewry as a culture. The Holocaust began with the euthanasia acts that began in 1939 when under the Nazi Party citizens that were racially German who were mentally ill, physically disabled, and incurable sick were gassed and killed. Along with European Jewry other groups such as Russian prisoners of war, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witness, gypsies and others were discriminated against and killed. Although the European Jewry made up the majority of those killed by Nazi Germany they were not the only ones affected by the Nazis reign. The first to be affected by the Holocaust were those who in 1939 had been physically and mentally disadvantaged. These killings were considered mercy killings and under this euthanasia program about eighty thousand people were killed in six different centers. These were not the only killing that occurred but they are the ones that any record of Hitler actually ordering and are therefore the most substantial evidence for the start of the Holocaust. Also, the killing of physically and mentally disadvantaged people meant that European Jewry were not the only to be subject to the horrors of the Nazi state. Another connection between the early euthanasia acts and the later death camps is that the chemists who performed these acts were and experimented with different poisons and carbon monoxide were moved to the East to continue their work there. Since the public had become aware of the actions being taken by the Nazi government the programs were slowed down and gradually moved out of Germany all together. Another argument that functionalist use is that although some intention was there to rid Germany of its Jewish population it was not focused on exterminating them completely. The same anti-Semitist sentiments were just as strong if not stronger in the Great Britain and France. This anti-Semitic...

Free Essays on The Rise of the Virtual State

â€Å"Critical Analysis of The Rise of the Virtual State† The central idea in of Richard Rosecrance’s book entitled, The Rise of the Virtual State, is that power is shifting once again, this time to nations whose people are most adept at summoning global financial capital and turning it into conceptual insights for sale around the world. Rosecrance calls these new centers of power virtual states, because their wealth and influence depend on intangible flows of money and ideas. The new virtual state does not need a lot of exports to finance their imports and their foreign investments. However a trained workforce is imperative for these virtual state to generate research, software designs, entertainment, engineering concepts, advertising, marketing, styling, legal and financial innovations. In the second half of The Rise of the Virtual State, Rosecrance examines several nations and comments on how they relate to the virtual state concept. He also generalizes about the relationships and characteristics of what he calls a new system of international politics and economics. Rosecrance, in latter part of his book the Rise of the Virtual State considers three Asian nations to be examples of virtual states: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. In varying ways, these have each focused their home economies on services and moved excess production capacity abroad. These three â€Å"Asian Tigers† encouraged direct foreign investment and diversified their production plants in places like China and Russia where labor costs less. Quoting Robert Rowthorne and Ramana Ramaswamy, he says that in doing so, they only represent a growing worldwide trend â€Å"†¦the natural consequence of the industrial dynamism in an already developed economy† (120) The relationship between Russia and Europe is complex. Russia has tended to dominate the continent militarily while Europe has tended to dominate economically. Closer association with Europe could moti... Free Essays on The Rise of the Virtual State Free Essays on The Rise of the Virtual State â€Å"Critical Analysis of The Rise of the Virtual State† The central idea in of Richard Rosecrance’s book entitled, The Rise of the Virtual State, is that power is shifting once again, this time to nations whose people are most adept at summoning global financial capital and turning it into conceptual insights for sale around the world. Rosecrance calls these new centers of power virtual states, because their wealth and influence depend on intangible flows of money and ideas. The new virtual state does not need a lot of exports to finance their imports and their foreign investments. However a trained workforce is imperative for these virtual state to generate research, software designs, entertainment, engineering concepts, advertising, marketing, styling, legal and financial innovations. In the second half of The Rise of the Virtual State, Rosecrance examines several nations and comments on how they relate to the virtual state concept. He also generalizes about the relationships and characteristics of what he calls a new system of international politics and economics. Rosecrance, in latter part of his book the Rise of the Virtual State considers three Asian nations to be examples of virtual states: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. In varying ways, these have each focused their home economies on services and moved excess production capacity abroad. These three â€Å"Asian Tigers† encouraged direct foreign investment and diversified their production plants in places like China and Russia where labor costs less. Quoting Robert Rowthorne and Ramana Ramaswamy, he says that in doing so, they only represent a growing worldwide trend â€Å"†¦the natural consequence of the industrial dynamism in an already developed economy† (120) The relationship between Russia and Europe is complex. Russia has tended to dominate the continent militarily while Europe has tended to dominate economically. Closer association with Europe could moti...

How to Build an Effective Marketing Schedule (Includes Template)

How to Build an Effective Marketing Schedule (Includes Template) You may believe that spending time getting organized takes time away from getting work done. Variations on this thought are sometimes common among creatives who pride themselves on thriving under chaotic conditions, or just aren’t inclined toward getting organized. The thinking goes that if one focuses on the work itself, everything else can be set aside, and things will somehow work out. This is a dangerous belief. Failing to get organized leads to inefficiency, which leads to less productivity and ultimately less effective work. In fact, according to a survey, marketers who are organized are 397% more likely to report being successful. According to that same survey, only 14% of respondents considered themselves Very Organized. An additional 51% say they’re Somewhat Organized, which is encouraging, yet suggests room for improvement. But, how can marketing teams actually begin getting organized? Developing a clear marketing schedule for projects and campaigns is a good start. This can mean planning everything around a calendar, some sort of list, a kanban board, or whatever format helps your team work best (and as an aside, supports visualizing your work in all three of these ways). In this post, you’ll learn: What goes into scheduling projects. From determining resource availability to actually managing the work. How to get your team on board with process change and getting organized. In case not everyone is willing to buy in right away, or abandon old ways of working. An effective way to plan and manage everything on your schedule. A step-by-step process for putting this advice into practice. Plus, you’ll find a downloadable template to help you get started. What Do We Mean By Marketing Schedule? In simplest terms, a marketing schedule can be anything thats used to track the following: Projects and campaigns your team will work on. Which team members will be responsible for each one. The deadlines and ship dates for deliverables. Plus, it can also include any other information your team might find useful. This may vary depending on what you’re working on. Our template included in this post, then, is intended to be flexible in order to suit your own organizational needs. There are a lot of reasons to use a schedule for all your content, too. Here’s a short list: Stress less. Working without a clear strategy sucks. It leaves team members frantically scrambling to produce directionless content at the last minute. Ultimately, this leaves everyone feeling exasperated and undermines success. Work more efficiently. When you don’t have to think about what you’re going to do in a day, you’re mentally free to focus on what matters. That leads to getting more done in less time. Increasing transparency across your team. Not knowing what the rest of your team is working on can lead to misunderstandings and frustration. Laying out all your projects in one shared space makes it easier for everyone to see what everyone else is doing (and plan projects accordingly). Its important to note were not talking about a public schedule of marketing events (like an event calendar, or something to that effect). Some Tools to Consider Before You Start Whether youre looking for a tool, a scheduling process, or both, youll need capable software to do this right. And there are lots of different options available with different strengths and features to consider. Here are some different types that are out there: Paper Planners: These are great for keeping personal notes and projects. For marketing teams though, they may not be ideal. Spreadsheets:  Theyre not great, but theyre (mostly) free and theyre better than nothing. This is often where marketing teams will start. Dedicated software: Marketing organization software like or other general-purpose project management tools are the premium route. Make Things Easy With This Downloadable Template If you dont have the budget for paid tools, or dont want to build your own spreadsheet, you can use this template to get up and running right away. This post will explain how to use its different fields to map out a complete marketing schedule (and for when youre ready to upgrade, itll also walk through how to use for this purpose). Step 1: Determine Projects to Place on Your Schedule So, you've decided you’re ready to build out a complete marketing schedule for your content. The first thing you’ll need to do is figure out which projects need to go on your schedule. Start by listing out all your recurring project types. Possible content types could include: Blog posts Design projects Videos Podcasts Email newsletters Essentially, what we want to first establish is which recurring types of content do you know you’ll create regularly on an ongoing basis. Once you have this figured out, start planning out the specific ideas for each content type you’ll create. This means developing a list of specific titles and working headlines for each piece. Fill Your Schedule With an Effective Brainstorming Process We’re big believers in group brainstorming here at . If you don’t have any specific ideas for content lined up yet, this quick process may help you change that. Here’s how our 30-minute three-step brainstorming process works: Have everyone on your team spend 10 minutes writing down ideas. Don’t worry if they’re good or not. Just get them down on paper. Then, spend 10 minutes reading those ideas aloud, and have everyone score them silently. Use a three-point scale, where three’s are the best ideas you absolutely need to create, two’s are average ideas that need work, and one’s are duds to be tossed out. Expect to see a mix of ideas that fall into all three buckets. Last, spend ten minutes discussing every idea that everyone agreed was a three. From these, choose the ideas you’ll actually execute on. Depending on how much content you typically produce, you can expect to generate a month’s worth of ideas this way (that’s typically the result we get, but your results may vary). Once you have a list of awesome ideas, hold onto them. These are the content pieces you’ll use to kick off your organized marketing schedule. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Assign Projects to Team Members Next, determine who will be creating each piece of content on your schedule. This means including everyone involved in seeing each project through from ideation to completion. Possible team members could include: Writers Designers Programmers Project Managers And anyone else involved Recommended Reading: How to Boost a Marketing Workflow Process That Will Reduce Work By 30-50% Establish a Color-Coding Scheme Color-coding your schedule makes it easier to tell projects apart at a glance. Assign one color to each type of project. For example, all your blog posts might be green, while videos could be orange, and so on. Alternatively, you might also want to color-code projects based on the teams or individuals they’re assigned to. Tip: If you’re using , you can use Custom Color Labels to color-code everything on your calendar: Step 2: Determine the Steps Required to Complete Each Project If you have recurring project types you create on a regular basis, odds are you have pre-defined workflows for each project. If you don’t, it’s time to consider documenting checklists you can use to make sure every project on your schedule is completed thoroughly. This helps prevent wasting time to fix errors later and enables teams to work more efficiently and effectively. Get out a text editor and lay out your steps like this: Step 1: [INSERT STEP] Step 2: [INSERT STEP] Step 3: [INSERT STEP] For a blog post, a hypothetical checklist might look like this: Step 1: Find a target keyword Step 2: Write 20 headline options Step 3: Craft an outline Step 4: Write your post Step 5: Proofread /  edit Step 6: Schedule publish date Simple stuff. To build your own checklists, ask yourself: Which steps do we usually follow to complete this task? Are there steps we could consider adding, to make this process more effective? Are there unnecessary steps we should remove to increase efficiency? If you’ve never thought about this in detail before, you might discover you’re either missing key steps in your processes, or are wasting time on things you can eliminate. Either way, you can easily boost your productivity this way. Tip: If you’re using , you can easily build reusable checklists called Task Templates: Why Are Checklists Important? Checklists are essential for making your marketing schedule more useful. Planning projects ahead of time loses its value if those projects aren’t completed properly. Plus, if part of our goal is to increase efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring steps aren’t missed is crucial. For more insight into the power of checklists, watch this video of Atul Gawande, author of The Checklist Manifesto: Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Marketing Campaign Checklist That Will Get You Proactive The Best Content Marketing Checklist to Make You More Successful How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Awesome Checklist How to Write Amazing Posts With This Blog Writing Checklist Step 3: Place Projects on Your Marketing Schedule Now that you’ve got all your ducks in a row, it’s time to start dropping your content onto your marketing schedule. Set (Realistic) Deadlines Every project should have a clear and realistic deadline. But, how do you determine what a realistic deadline looks like? There’s a data-backed solution to help you figure out. Start by roughly estimating the amount of time it usually takes you to complete a certain type of task or project. Set your first deadline accordingly. Then, track your actual time spent working on those types of projects over time. Set realistic deadlines by tracking the actual time it takes to complete projects.You can do this by creating a time-tracking spreadsheet (like this simple free Google Drive spreadsheet) and a timer. You can either use a timer on your phone  or the free desktop timer app Timer-Tab.com: Eventually, you’ll start to see a pattern. Once you have about ten completed projects on your time sheet, calculate the average time it took to get from start to finish. You’ll now have a clear idea of how long a project should typically take. Set Up Deadline Alerts What happens if you forget to check your schedule and blow a deadline? Odds are, your boss will look something like this: And you’ll feel something like this: Avoid catastrophe! Use Google Calendar to set up an alert for each deadline. That way, you’ll get an email reminder to make sure you don’t forget. Start by clicking a time on your Google Calendar and give your project a name: Then, click Edit Event to control how frequently you receive reminders. Adjust to your own preference: Now, you won’t have an excuse for blowing that deadline.  If you’re a user, you’ll receive email and in-app notifications to show you when deadlines are approaching. They're all visible upon logging in on your dashboard as well:Now, Finally, Let’s Add Your Projects to Your Marketing Schedule If you haven’t done so yet, download the marketing schedule template included in this blog post. Then, click the Marketing Schedule tab in the lower left: Here’s what you’ll see in there: At first, you’ll see a ton of columns. Let’s break down what each one is for: Title. Self-explanatory. This is your headline. Article Type: For a blog post or article, list the article type. Ex: How-To, News Announcement, etc. Image Type: If your post will include an infographic, image gallery, or other design-intensive graphic, list it here. Deadline: If it’s not done by this date, there had better be a good reason. Step In Process: Update your progress here. Ex: Ideation, Writing, Design, Editing, etc. Subject Matter Expert: If you’re depending on an internal subject matter expert to support and review your content for factual accuracy, include their name here. Designer: Who’s creating your graphics† Author: Who’s writing your content? Notes: Keep miscellaneous notes about your project here. In Edit Folder?: If this content is ready for editing, denote that in this column. That’s it. You can start by filling in the Title field, and then updating your progress as you move along. Next, let’s look under the Workflows tab: Here’s what you’ll see next: To complete this tab, edit the Project Type to reflect the types of content you create (blog posts, social campaigns, videos, etc). Then, fill in each field accordingly: Steps: List out each step to complete that project type. Hours: Include how much time each step should take (on average). Explanation: Write out a short description of what each step entails. This will help you keep each project you create consistently on track. Here's how to keep every content marketing project you create on trackUsing Your Marketing Schedule Template Now you know how to get your spreadsheet set up. The next step is to actually use it. Follow these steps to get the most out of it. Color-Code! This sounds like a simple step, but it makes a big help when you want to look at your schedule and see what’s up fast. Use the Color Key section of your template to keep track of which colors you’re associating with which projects or team members: Decide Who Will Own Your Schedule There are a few approaches you can take here. You can either have everyone on your team add their own projects, or have one person in charge of adding updates and maintaining the document. There’s also a third option, where team leads can manage projects for their respective staff. Stay Consistent By Making Organization a Habit Tools only work as well as your ability to use them. Make it a habit to look at your schedule every day. Once you get into a routine of using a planning schedule, working productively will become something you just do, without having to think about it. In order to build a habit successfully, it helps to understand how habits are developed. According to Duhigg, studies show that repeating processes enough times literally causes your brain to require less effort to complete that same task. To get yourself to keep doing that task, you’ll need to develop a cue to spark that action. This could be sitting down at your desk first thing in the morning, or maybe pouring that first cup of coffee for the day. If you do something at the same time every day, or have something to cue the habitual response in your brain to perform that action (like getting coffee), you’ll start doing it without thinking about it. Eventually, it’ll become a routine, and you’ll feel good about being organized. Your brain will then want to keep those positive vibes flowing, and so you’ll feel a sense of reward each time you use your schedule. And, as author Charles Duhigg says in his book, The Power of Habit: â€Å"Champions don’t do extraordinary things. They do ordinary things, but they do them without thinking, too fast for the other team to react. They follow the habits they’ve learned.† So, be a champion. Use your marketing schedule. 'Champions don’t do extraordinary things. They do ordinary things ... too fast for the other team...Scheduling Projects and Campaigns with is an extremely feature-rich marketing organization software suite for marketing teams. Part of that suite is the Marketing Calendar, which allows teams to plan, organize, and schedule every project on one calendar: Now Plan Some Projects on Your Schedule Now you’ve got everything you need to keep all your content and marketing projects planned and organized. That means you’ll be able to: Work with less stress. Hit all your deadlines consistently. Be a marketing rock star. Sound good? Then stop wasting time and get started!